Background <p>In 2020, Black women in the U.S.A. had a maternal mortality rate three times higher than White women. Structural racism in health care and toxic stress contributes to this disparity. Black women face inequities in maternal health care, with higher rates of mental health conditions and unequal access to treatment.</p> Purpose <p>Creating a research agenda that outlines key steps and gaps in research that need to be addressed toward improving Black maternal health outcomes and promoting birthing equity.</p> Methods <p>The Alliance of Community Health Plans convened stakeholders to create a patient-centered research agenda on mitigating the impact of toxic stress on Black maternal health outcomes. This involved a literature review, key informant interviews, and a research forum with experts and community leaders.</p> Results <p>The key themes include (1) understanding mechanisms of toxic stress and maternal mental health and identifying gaps and effective interventions; (2) engaging Black families with lived experience and investing in their communities; and (3) equipping the maternal and mental health workforce and promoting the delivery of “culturally humble” and holistic care.</p> Conclusions <p>The research agenda emphasizes involving families and community professionals for actionable solutions to enhance Black maternal health outcomes, highlighting the importance of community-based approaches, diverse funding, and culturally sensitive mental health screenings.</p>