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Objectives <p>Racial and ethnic minorities face disparities in access to paid family and medical leave (PFML) and workplace flexibility compared to non-Hispanic white workers. This study examines a new layer of inequity: citizenship status. Understanding citizenship-based disparities can inform policy changes to increase access to these benefits for all workers.</p> Study Design <p>This cross-sectional analysis of the American Time Use Survey (2017–2018) focused on Hispanics, non-Hispanic Asians, and non-Hispanic White workers (<i>N</i> = 8602).</p> Methods <p>We used weighted multivariate logistic regressions to investigate inequities in access to PFML and workplace flexibility across racial, ethnic, and citizenship categories. All models controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics and included state fixed effects.</p> Results <p>Despite overall low access (51.9% for PFML, 56.7% for flexible work hours, and 30.2% for work-from-home options), the study revealed significant disparities across race/ethnicity and citizenship status. In the fully adjusted models, non-citizen White (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28–0.93), US citizen Hispanic (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53–0.81), non-citizen Hispanic (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.25–0.56), citizen Asian (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.42–0.82), and non-citizen Asian workers (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31–0.85) had statistically significant lower odds of reporting access to paid family and medical leave compared to citizen White workers. In addition, non-citizen Hispanic workers had the lowest predicted probabilities of reporting being able to work from home.</p> Conclusions <p>This study underscores the need for equitable workplace policies. Addressing the unique challenges faced by different racial/ethnic and citizenship groups is crucial to achieving health equity.</p>

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Citizenship Status and Race/Ethnicity: Inequities in Access to Paid Family and Medical Leave and Workplace Flexibility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Susana Quiros,
  • Nayantara Biswas

摘要

Objectives

Racial and ethnic minorities face disparities in access to paid family and medical leave (PFML) and workplace flexibility compared to non-Hispanic white workers. This study examines a new layer of inequity: citizenship status. Understanding citizenship-based disparities can inform policy changes to increase access to these benefits for all workers.

Study Design

This cross-sectional analysis of the American Time Use Survey (2017–2018) focused on Hispanics, non-Hispanic Asians, and non-Hispanic White workers (N = 8602).

Methods

We used weighted multivariate logistic regressions to investigate inequities in access to PFML and workplace flexibility across racial, ethnic, and citizenship categories. All models controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics and included state fixed effects.

Results

Despite overall low access (51.9% for PFML, 56.7% for flexible work hours, and 30.2% for work-from-home options), the study revealed significant disparities across race/ethnicity and citizenship status. In the fully adjusted models, non-citizen White (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28–0.93), US citizen Hispanic (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53–0.81), non-citizen Hispanic (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.25–0.56), citizen Asian (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.42–0.82), and non-citizen Asian workers (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31–0.85) had statistically significant lower odds of reporting access to paid family and medical leave compared to citizen White workers. In addition, non-citizen Hispanic workers had the lowest predicted probabilities of reporting being able to work from home.

Conclusions

This study underscores the need for equitable workplace policies. Addressing the unique challenges faced by different racial/ethnic and citizenship groups is crucial to achieving health equity.