The Relationship of Chronic Disease Burden and Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Depression Treatment

Background

Chronic disease and depression are closely related, and depression, if left untreated, can worsen physical disease symptoms. Furthermore, treating depression can improve patient outcomes. Generally, treatment for depression is lower in minority groups.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between chronic disease burden and depression treatment and whether that relationship differs between white to non-white patient visits to primary care physicians.

Design

We conducted a quantitative secondary data analysis using data from 2014–2019 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS).

Participants

Visits by adults with depression to primary care physicians (n = 3832).

Main Measures

Logistic regressions estimated the odds of medication treatment, mental health counseling treatment, and any treatment.

Key Results

Visits by patients with 3 or more chronic conditions had 1.39 times the odds of receiving medication treatment (p-value = 0.06). However, when examining treatment by race, visits by white patients with 1–2 chronic conditions had 3.04 times the odds of receiving mental health treatment (p-value = 0.09) compared to visits by non-white patients and 2.09 times the odds of receiving any treatment (p-value = 0.08) compared to visits by non-white patients.

Conclusions

Although not significant at the p < .05 level, the results suggest that the odds of depression treatment is greater during visits by patients with multiple co-occurring chronic conditions compared to visits by people without chronic conditions. It appears that this effect is larger for visits by white patients compared to visits by non-white patients. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine how this association impacts minorities distinctly and what could be the reason behind the disparity. These findings could help physicians be aware of ongoing disparities in depression treatment and provide more equitable depression treatment.