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Purpose of Review <p>Inflammation is a fundamental biological process essential for defending the body against pathogens, toxins, and cellular damage. This review aims to explore the mechanisms underlying acute and chronic inflammation, focusing on the molecular pathways involved and their implications for immune response modulation.</p> Recent Findings <p>Acute inflammation serves as an immediate response, mobilizing immune cells and pro-inflammatory mediators to neutralize threats. However, persistent activation can lead to chronic inflammation, characterized by sustained immune activity and mononuclear leukocyte infiltration. Recent studies have identified key signaling pathways, including p38 MAPK, AP-1, COX-2, IL6, JAK/STAT, TNF, NFKB, MTOR, ERK, JNK, KEAP1, FOXO1/3, and TRAF2, as critical regulators of inflammatory responses. These pathways present potential targets for therapeutic interventions to halt the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.</p> Summary <p>The transition from acute to chronic inflammation is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Understanding the molecular pathways involved offers valuable insights into developing strategies for immune response modulation, potentially preventing or mitigating chronic inflammation and its associated health consequences.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Unravelling Immunity: Understanding Inflammatory Pathways as Key Players in Immune Response and Disease Progression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Abhishek Ghara,
  • Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga Matada,
  • Roshan Kumar Sah,
  • Sneha S,
  • Sophia S. Boneka,
  • Arghya Paik,
  • Subhajit Majumder,
  • Payel Pramanick,
  • Basavaraj Metikurki

摘要

Purpose of Review

Inflammation is a fundamental biological process essential for defending the body against pathogens, toxins, and cellular damage. This review aims to explore the mechanisms underlying acute and chronic inflammation, focusing on the molecular pathways involved and their implications for immune response modulation.

Recent Findings

Acute inflammation serves as an immediate response, mobilizing immune cells and pro-inflammatory mediators to neutralize threats. However, persistent activation can lead to chronic inflammation, characterized by sustained immune activity and mononuclear leukocyte infiltration. Recent studies have identified key signaling pathways, including p38 MAPK, AP-1, COX-2, IL6, JAK/STAT, TNF, NFKB, MTOR, ERK, JNK, KEAP1, FOXO1/3, and TRAF2, as critical regulators of inflammatory responses. These pathways present potential targets for therapeutic interventions to halt the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.

Summary

The transition from acute to chronic inflammation is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Understanding the molecular pathways involved offers valuable insights into developing strategies for immune response modulation, potentially preventing or mitigating chronic inflammation and its associated health consequences.

Graphical Abstract