NADPH Oxidase in Pancreatic β-Cell Function

This review outlines NADPH oxidase structure and function in pancreatic β-cells. Furthermore, methods for detecting reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase inhibitors are discussed.

NADPH oxidase–derived ROS regulates β-cell metabolism and insulin release. This review highlights new findings of the NADPH oxidase family, such as NOX4, in regulating β-cell function. For instance, NOX4-derived H₂O₂ and increased ATP levels promote the closure of ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels to induce insulin release. In addition, NOX2 inhibitors, such as the tetrahydroquinolines CPP11G and CPP11H, have been shown to interact with p47phox, preventing NOX2 assembly and activity.

NADPH oxidase family is involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of pancreatic β-cells. However, more studies are necessary to fully understand when, where, and how NADPH oxidase–derived ROS regulate β-cell function. Better improved NADPH oxidase inhibitors are essential to tackle this problem and develop new strategies with in-depth research.