<p>COVID-19 pandemic management in the Rohingya refugee camps of Bangladesh was challenging due to extreme population density, resource constraints, inadequate health facilities, and the Rohingya community’s traditional health behaviors and practices. This study explored the community-based religious misinterpretations, rumors, and misconceptions that posed serious challenges in managing the pandemic, as well as the strategies adopted by humanitarian agencies to mitigate these risks and reduce virus transmission and infection rates in the densely crowded refugee camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Using a qualitative research design, this study conducted 91 face-to-face in-depth interviews with Rohingya refugees and humanitarian workers. The findings reveal that ignorance, religious misbeliefs, and misinterpretations about health safety measures caused significant constraints and challenges in executing COVID-19-related health services in the camps. The humanitarian agencies effectively engaged Rohingya volunteers and community and religious leaders as key change agents for risk communication and public health behavior change. Community-based socio-cultural risks and challenges in pandemic management were addressed through community engagement, mass-level awareness programs, home visits, community meetings, online communication, and counseling. This paper argues that the deliberate involvement of community stakeholders and volunteers could be an effective strategy for countering community-based misconceptions, rumors, stereotyped beliefs, and ignorance that hinder effective disaster or pandemic management.</p>