Exploring the Relationship between Elder Abuse, Age-related Disabilities, and Quality of Life Among Older Adults in India: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey

Elder abuse is a significant public health concern that can severely impact the Quality of Life (QoL) of older adults. As the global population ages, the incidence of such abuses is increasingly concerning, particularly in countries like India, where societal transitions are affecting traditional familial structures and roles. This study aims to examine the association between elder abuse, age-related disabilities, and QoL among older adults in India, using data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI).

This study analysed a nationally representative sample of 64,871 individuals aged 45 years and above from the LASI dataset. Elder abuse was assessed based on self-reports of ill-treatment in the past year, while QoL was measured using a composite index derived from principal component analysis, covering various domains such as physical health, social relationships, and environmental satisfaction. The analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate linear regression to explore the relationships between elder abuse, sociodemographic factors, and QoL.

The prevalence of elder abuse was found to be 4% among the sample population, with higher rates observed among adults aged 75 and above, males, and those living in rural areas. Multivariate analysis revealed that elder abuse is significantly associated with a reduction in QoL across all domains, even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Older adults with multimorbidity and those facing difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were particularly vulnerable to both elder abuse and reduced QoL.

The study provides compelling evidence that elder abuse is a critical determinant of reduced QoL among older adults in India. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to prevent elder abuse and improve the well-being of vulnerable populations, particularly those with multiple morbidities and functional disabilities. Addressing these issues is essential for enhancing the quality of life among the elderly and ensuring their dignity and safety in old age.