The Impact of Intersectionality on Social Protection for Informal Sector Workers in Ghana: Uncovering the Moderating Role of Democracy

In developing countries with 80–90% informal workers, developing incentives and mechanisms for social protection has become critical. However, the literature on the identification and protection of vulnerable groups in undeveloped countries is deficient. In this study, we argue the application of intersectionality and democracy in promoting social protection among informal sector workers. The study employed a multi-theoretical approach of intersectionality and self-determination theory to develop a framework. Using field data collected between February and July 2024, we analysed the hypothesized relationship based on partial least squares structural modelling. The results revealed that intersectionality positively and significantly influenced social protection. In contrast to conflicting interests reported in some studies, the results demonstrate democracy as an enabler of social protection due to collective bargaining. Additionally, democracy strengthened the positive relationship between intersectionality and social protection. This study exposed the synergistic effect of intersectionality and democracy in promoting social protection among informal sector workers. This multi-variable approach provides comprehensive insights into social protection among informal sector workers in underdeveloped societies.