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<p>Opposition to vaccination by some people may not be unethical. If so, vaccine mandates must trade off the costs imposed on these people against the benefits that result from vaccine mandates, most particularly the reduced risk of covid-19 deaths. This paper applies these principles to the covid-19 vaccine mandates applied to the 12 + population of New Zealand in 2021–22. It concludes that opposition to covid-19 vaccines was not unethical for people under 50 without comorbidities, that the costs of the vaccine mandates borne by those opposing vaccination were in excess of the mandate benefits, and therefore they were unjustified. Even in respect of mandates for health workers, the costs of the mandates borne by those workers who opposed vaccination still exceeded the mandate benefits, and therefore even they were not justified.</p>

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The cost–benefit and ethics of Covid-19 vaccine mandates in New Zealand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Martin Lally

摘要

Opposition to vaccination by some people may not be unethical. If so, vaccine mandates must trade off the costs imposed on these people against the benefits that result from vaccine mandates, most particularly the reduced risk of covid-19 deaths. This paper applies these principles to the covid-19 vaccine mandates applied to the 12 + population of New Zealand in 2021–22. It concludes that opposition to covid-19 vaccines was not unethical for people under 50 without comorbidities, that the costs of the vaccine mandates borne by those opposing vaccination were in excess of the mandate benefits, and therefore they were unjustified. Even in respect of mandates for health workers, the costs of the mandates borne by those workers who opposed vaccination still exceeded the mandate benefits, and therefore even they were not justified.