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Purpose of the Narrative Review <p>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a major problem in microbial therapy, as it renders antibiotics ineffective. This arises from natural evolution, antibiotic misuse, healthcare factors, environmental pollution, and social inequalities.</p> Recent Finding <p>The most recent data indicate that environmental reservoirs such as wastewater, agriculture, and soil microbiome communities can contribute significantly to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, the development of genomics-based surveillance tools, along with the use of the One Health approach, has shed light on transmission routes. However, there remains a significant gap in practice due to inadequate stewardship and diagnostic capabilities.</p> Summary <p>This narrative review presents the current evidence on the determinants, transmission, public health impact, and management of antimicrobial resistance, using the One Health approach. Antimicrobial resistance arises from complex interactions among human, animal, and environmental factors, further contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. While the problem of AMR is increasingly recognized worldwide, there are still deficiencies in environmental involvement and policy integration. Despite high-level global policy declarations (e.g., UNGA commitments), actual implementation remains fragmented. Therefore, immediate actions are required by implementing the One Health approach, improving surveillance, and adopting policy and regulatory measures.</p>

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Antimicrobial Resistance as a Global Microbiological Emergency: Integrating One Health, Environmental Drivers, and Policy Gaps

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Abdulkarim Mbaraka,
  • Dimpi Singh,
  • Mamta Bajiya,
  • Janmejay Pandey,
  • Nidhi Verma

摘要

Purpose of the Narrative Review

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a major problem in microbial therapy, as it renders antibiotics ineffective. This arises from natural evolution, antibiotic misuse, healthcare factors, environmental pollution, and social inequalities.

Recent Finding

The most recent data indicate that environmental reservoirs such as wastewater, agriculture, and soil microbiome communities can contribute significantly to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, the development of genomics-based surveillance tools, along with the use of the One Health approach, has shed light on transmission routes. However, there remains a significant gap in practice due to inadequate stewardship and diagnostic capabilities.

Summary

This narrative review presents the current evidence on the determinants, transmission, public health impact, and management of antimicrobial resistance, using the One Health approach. Antimicrobial resistance arises from complex interactions among human, animal, and environmental factors, further contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. While the problem of AMR is increasingly recognized worldwide, there are still deficiencies in environmental involvement and policy integration. Despite high-level global policy declarations (e.g., UNGA commitments), actual implementation remains fragmented. Therefore, immediate actions are required by implementing the One Health approach, improving surveillance, and adopting policy and regulatory measures.