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Purpose of Review <p>This review moves beyond gastrointestinal disease to provide a comprehensive overview of extraintestinal salmonellosis. It seeks to answer: what mechanisms drive systemic invasion, which host factors predispose to disseminated infection, what is the full clinical spectrum, and how can diagnostic and therapeutic challenges be addressed.</p> Recent Findings <p>Emerging research highlights the rapid global spread of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi, alongside resistant non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS). Advanced molecular diagnostics and imaging are increasingly overcoming the limitations of conventional cultures. New insights into bacterial virulence factors and host susceptibility such as immunocompromise, sickle cell disease, and extremes of age are refining risk stratification.</p> Summary <p>Extraintestinal salmonellosis causes life-threatening bacteremia, endovascular infections, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and visceral abscesses. Antimicrobial resistance severely complicates treatment, necessitating tailored regimens and source control. Prevention through vaccination and carrier management remains critical. Major knowledge gaps persist in pathogenesis, rapid diagnostics, and novel therapeutics, which demand intensified research to address this evolving threat.</p>

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Beyond the Gut: A Review of Extraintestinal Salmonella Infections

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • El-Sayed Khafagy,
  • Amr S. Abu Lila,
  • Ahmed Al Saqr,
  • Wael A. H. Hegazy

摘要

Purpose of Review

This review moves beyond gastrointestinal disease to provide a comprehensive overview of extraintestinal salmonellosis. It seeks to answer: what mechanisms drive systemic invasion, which host factors predispose to disseminated infection, what is the full clinical spectrum, and how can diagnostic and therapeutic challenges be addressed.

Recent Findings

Emerging research highlights the rapid global spread of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi, alongside resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). Advanced molecular diagnostics and imaging are increasingly overcoming the limitations of conventional cultures. New insights into bacterial virulence factors and host susceptibility such as immunocompromise, sickle cell disease, and extremes of age are refining risk stratification.

Summary

Extraintestinal salmonellosis causes life-threatening bacteremia, endovascular infections, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and visceral abscesses. Antimicrobial resistance severely complicates treatment, necessitating tailored regimens and source control. Prevention through vaccination and carrier management remains critical. Major knowledge gaps persist in pathogenesis, rapid diagnostics, and novel therapeutics, which demand intensified research to address this evolving threat.