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Purpose of review <p>MPOX, a zoonotic orthopoxvirus, has resurged in recent years, culminating in extensive outbreaks in 2022 and 2024. The evolving nature of this virus has complicated diagnostic and containment strategies. This review presents the complex nature of this emerging threat, including the history and evolution of the MPOX virus, its modes of transmission, the state of vaccines and treatments, and existing diagnostic methods.</p> Recent findings <p>Existing preventive and diagnostic measures have limitations, including the detection of the various MPOX clades and asymptomatic infection, and vaccine efficacy against emerging clades is uncertain. Additionally, unequal global access to vaccines remains a challenge to containment.</p> Summary <p>Diagnostic technology advancements and ongoing vaccine development efforts are crucial to reducing MPOX's public health burden. Enhanced surveillance, widening vaccine research, and enhancing distribution equity are vital in ensuring global preparedness. This review provides insights into enhanced MPOX control strategies and health resilience.</p>

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MPOX: Resilient Strategies in Prevention and Diagnosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Osama Bin-Alshaibah,
  • Munirah Mahadzan,
  • Kumitaa Theva Das

摘要

Purpose of review

MPOX, a zoonotic orthopoxvirus, has resurged in recent years, culminating in extensive outbreaks in 2022 and 2024. The evolving nature of this virus has complicated diagnostic and containment strategies. This review presents the complex nature of this emerging threat, including the history and evolution of the MPOX virus, its modes of transmission, the state of vaccines and treatments, and existing diagnostic methods.

Recent findings

Existing preventive and diagnostic measures have limitations, including the detection of the various MPOX clades and asymptomatic infection, and vaccine efficacy against emerging clades is uncertain. Additionally, unequal global access to vaccines remains a challenge to containment.

Summary

Diagnostic technology advancements and ongoing vaccine development efforts are crucial to reducing MPOX's public health burden. Enhanced surveillance, widening vaccine research, and enhancing distribution equity are vital in ensuring global preparedness. This review provides insights into enhanced MPOX control strategies and health resilience.