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<p>This study quantifies ballast behavior under direct shear using a shape-resolved DEM framework in LAMMPS (Granular + BPM with double-bonded multi-sphere clusters), calibrated against single-particle crushing and laboratory shear tests. Enabling bond breakage reproduces high-strain effects: Under low confinement (≤ 51&#xa0;kPa), responses match the unbreakable case up to shear strain ≈ 0.06; at higher confinement (≥ 75&#xa0;kPa), fracture initiates early, reducing resistance. Relative to the unbreakable model, peak shear strength and friction angle decrease by about 25–40% and 4–20%, respectively. Rubber inclusion (11–15, 15–20, 20–30, 30–45&#xa0;mm) reduces fracture-most prominently at volumetric rubber content (VRC) ≈20% but diminishes shear strength and mobilized friction angle due to soft contact/coating effects; a threshold is observed at VRC &gt; 5.23%, where friction angle drops rapidly. Force chain and kinematic analyses confirm shear banding and contact network weakening. Rubber content exerts a stronger influence than size, informing optimization of ballast-rubber mixtures for track performance.</p>

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Study of rubber coating effect on the stability and fracture resistance of railway ballast

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Z. Yan,
  • A. Zaoui,
  • W. Sekkal

摘要

This study quantifies ballast behavior under direct shear using a shape-resolved DEM framework in LAMMPS (Granular + BPM with double-bonded multi-sphere clusters), calibrated against single-particle crushing and laboratory shear tests. Enabling bond breakage reproduces high-strain effects: Under low confinement (≤ 51 kPa), responses match the unbreakable case up to shear strain ≈ 0.06; at higher confinement (≥ 75 kPa), fracture initiates early, reducing resistance. Relative to the unbreakable model, peak shear strength and friction angle decrease by about 25–40% and 4–20%, respectively. Rubber inclusion (11–15, 15–20, 20–30, 30–45 mm) reduces fracture-most prominently at volumetric rubber content (VRC) ≈20% but diminishes shear strength and mobilized friction angle due to soft contact/coating effects; a threshold is observed at VRC > 5.23%, where friction angle drops rapidly. Force chain and kinematic analyses confirm shear banding and contact network weakening. Rubber content exerts a stronger influence than size, informing optimization of ballast-rubber mixtures for track performance.