Heterogeneous continuum–discontinuum modeling for dynamic diversion and penetration behaviors of hydraulic fractures contacting multi-layers and granules in tight reservoir rock
摘要
Heterogeneous factors such as bedding and granules contained in tight reservoirs have a considerable disturbance and impact on the propagation behaviors of hydraulic fractures. However, the disturbance mechanisms remain unclear and have become crucial issues in limiting the optimization of the hydraulic fracture network. There is still a lack of the specialized and reliable numerical methods in the investigation of the dynamic propagation behaviors of hydraulic fractures contacting the multi-layers and granules; particularly, the systematic investigation of geometrical and geomaterial heterogeneity is urgently needed. In this study, based on the development of combined finite element–discrete element–finite volume method, the novel heterogeneous continuum–discontinuum computation method and models are proposed to investigate the effects of deviation angle, distribution, and geomaterial property of bedding and granule on diversion and penetration behaviors of hydraulic fractures. The representative numerical cases and results are derived, and the results show that, once the hydraulic fracture encountered bedding, the closer the angle between the fracture tip and bedding is to 90°, the greater the possibility of hydraulic fracture penetrating bedding was; thus, smaller angles lead to a greater degree of inhibition of hydraulic fracture propagation by bedding. When the geomaterial properties of bedding are extremely strong or weak, the hydraulic fracture could not easily penetrate the bedding: strong bedding properties will hinder the penetration of hydraulic fractures; whereas when the bedding properties is weaker than that of the rock matrix, the hydraulic fracture could easily propagate along the weak bedding plane. Different granule distribution patterns not only affected the fractures in contact with granules but also significantly impacted the overall number of fractures and the direction of fracture propagation. Once the granule property was strong, the hydraulic fracture did not easily penetrate the granule; when the granule property was weaker than that of the rock matrix, the hydraulic fracture easily penetrated the granule.