<p>Ecological permeable concrete (EPC), as a building material with high permeability and environmental friendliness, has its permeability significantly influenced by its pore structure. To explore the meso-structural characteristics of EPC and its permeability behavior, this study proposes an improved quartet structure generation set (I-QSGS) method to construct a meso-porous medium model that aligns with the characteristics of EPC. This model was then compared with real computed tomography (CT) scan data for validation. Additionally, the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was used to simulate the permeability process of EPC, investigating its anisotropic permeability and the impact of pore structure parameters on permeability. Finally, the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was used to analyze the degree of influence of pore structure parameters on permeability. The results demonstrate that the pore structure of the three-dimensional porous medium model shows high similarity with the real pore structure in terms of average roundness distribution (Euclidean distance <i>ξ</i> = 0.162, classified as "Very Similar"). The permeability process of EPC exhibited rapid permeability in the initial phase, slowing down in the middle phase, and stabilizing in the later phase. EPC shows significant anisotropy in permeability, with the permeability in the Z-direction being significantly better than in the X and Y directions. As the pore size decreases, permeability sharply decreases, exhibiting a nonlinear negative correlation between permeability and pore size. Further analysis of the pore-specific surface area and permeability reveals the controlling effect of pore structure complexity on the fluid permeation process. A significant linear relationship was observed between porosity and permeability, with increases in porosity effectively enhancing the material’s permeability, and this enhancement shows a noticeable increment effect. The influence of pore structure parameters on the permeability of EPC is ranked as follows: porosity(<i>n</i>) &gt; pore size (<i>d</i>) &gt; pore-specific surface area (<i>S</i>), with grey relational degrees of 0.7570, 0.7423, and 0.5224, respectively. This indicates that porosity is the key factor determining the permeability of EPC. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of EPC and offers data support for its practical application in engineering.</p>