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Purpose of Review <p>Tissue-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells are important in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In this review we investigate how T<sub>RM</sub> cells differ from central and effector memory T (T<sub>CM</sub> and T<sub>EM</sub>) cells in their contributions to disease recurrence, severity, and chronicity in ACD. We further discuss how classic experimental models may not fully capture T<sub>RM</sub> cells in ACD research and how this can be avoided in future research.</p> Recent Findings <p>T<sub>RM</sub> cells persist locally in previously sensitized skin and can initiate rapid immune responses upon allergen re-exposure. Allergen-naïve skin requires recruitment of T<sub>EM</sub> cells from the circulation, leading to a delayed response compared to allergen-experienced skin. Due to their resident phenotype, T<sub>RM</sub> cells might be activated independently of specific allergen recognition through bystander mechanisms, further amplifying inflammation and chronicity.</p> Summary <p>T<sub>RM</sub> cells are key drivers of both flare-ups and sustained inflammation in ACD. Their local presence, rapid responsiveness, and potential for non-specific activation make them important therapeutic targets. Understanding the differences between T<sub>RM</sub> cells compared to T<sub>CM/EM</sub> cells is very important for improving both experimental models and clinical strategies for long-term management of ACD.</p>

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Tissue-Resident Trouble: How TRM Cells Drive Allergic Contact Dermatitis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • William Steiner Olsen,
  • Carsten Geisler,
  • Charlotte Menné Bonefeld,
  • Mia Hamilton Jee

摘要

Purpose of Review

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are important in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In this review we investigate how TRM cells differ from central and effector memory T (TCM and TEM) cells in their contributions to disease recurrence, severity, and chronicity in ACD. We further discuss how classic experimental models may not fully capture TRM cells in ACD research and how this can be avoided in future research.

Recent Findings

TRM cells persist locally in previously sensitized skin and can initiate rapid immune responses upon allergen re-exposure. Allergen-naïve skin requires recruitment of TEM cells from the circulation, leading to a delayed response compared to allergen-experienced skin. Due to their resident phenotype, TRM cells might be activated independently of specific allergen recognition through bystander mechanisms, further amplifying inflammation and chronicity.

Summary

TRM cells are key drivers of both flare-ups and sustained inflammation in ACD. Their local presence, rapid responsiveness, and potential for non-specific activation make them important therapeutic targets. Understanding the differences between TRM cells compared to TCM/EM cells is very important for improving both experimental models and clinical strategies for long-term management of ACD.