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Background <p>Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) specifically targets fall mechanisms and holds promise for fall prevention in older adults, but its reliance on near-fall exposure may pose a barrier to engagement. Successful implementation depends on acceptability among participants and trainers, yet a mixed-methods, multi-perspective evaluation of PBT acceptability is lacking.</p> Aims <p>To evaluate the acceptability of treadmill PBT in older adults at risk of falling and in trainers, and to examine associations with participant characteristics.</p> Methods <p>Twenty-nine participants (79.9 ± 5.5 years) completed a 6-week treadmill PBT intervention, delivered by three trainers. Retrospective acceptability was assessed using a questionnaire (maximum score: 35 pt. for participants, 30 pt. for trainers) and semi-structured focus groups (12 participants, all trainers), guided by Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) domains and additional context-specific topics. Associations between participant characteristics and questionnaire scores were analyzed using multivariate regression. Focus-group data were analyzed deductively using the TFA.</p> Results <p>Median questionnaire scores were high for participants (28 [interquartile range, IQR 23–32] pt.) and trainers (26 [IQR 25–26] pt.). Fall history emerged as the only independent predictor of lower acceptability among participants. Focus groups revealed that both participants and trainers generally perceived PBT as acceptable. High perceived safety and effectiveness for improving reactive balance, adequate tailoring and supervision, and strong coherence were reported as facilitators. Potential barriers included anxiety, fall-related memories, the demanding nature of PBT, and setting-related factors (e.g., monotony, limited social interaction, missing handrails, narrow belt).</p> Conclusions <p>Treadmill PBT were generally well accepted by trainers and older adults at risk of falling but showed lower acceptability among participants with fall history. Implementing PBT in individuals with no fall history may help mitigate anxiety related to prior fall experiences and support higher acceptability.</p> Trial registration <p>DRKS00030805 (December 14, 2022).</p>

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Acceptability of treadmill perturbation-based balance training in older adults at risk of falling: A mixed-methods evaluation of participant and trainer perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Natalie Hezel,
  • Theresa Buchner,
  • Clemens Becker,
  • Jürgen M. Bauer,
  • Simon Steib,
  • Christian Werner

摘要

Background

Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) specifically targets fall mechanisms and holds promise for fall prevention in older adults, but its reliance on near-fall exposure may pose a barrier to engagement. Successful implementation depends on acceptability among participants and trainers, yet a mixed-methods, multi-perspective evaluation of PBT acceptability is lacking.

Aims

To evaluate the acceptability of treadmill PBT in older adults at risk of falling and in trainers, and to examine associations with participant characteristics.

Methods

Twenty-nine participants (79.9 ± 5.5 years) completed a 6-week treadmill PBT intervention, delivered by three trainers. Retrospective acceptability was assessed using a questionnaire (maximum score: 35 pt. for participants, 30 pt. for trainers) and semi-structured focus groups (12 participants, all trainers), guided by Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) domains and additional context-specific topics. Associations between participant characteristics and questionnaire scores were analyzed using multivariate regression. Focus-group data were analyzed deductively using the TFA.

Results

Median questionnaire scores were high for participants (28 [interquartile range, IQR 23–32] pt.) and trainers (26 [IQR 25–26] pt.). Fall history emerged as the only independent predictor of lower acceptability among participants. Focus groups revealed that both participants and trainers generally perceived PBT as acceptable. High perceived safety and effectiveness for improving reactive balance, adequate tailoring and supervision, and strong coherence were reported as facilitators. Potential barriers included anxiety, fall-related memories, the demanding nature of PBT, and setting-related factors (e.g., monotony, limited social interaction, missing handrails, narrow belt).

Conclusions

Treadmill PBT were generally well accepted by trainers and older adults at risk of falling but showed lower acceptability among participants with fall history. Implementing PBT in individuals with no fall history may help mitigate anxiety related to prior fall experiences and support higher acceptability.

Trial registration

DRKS00030805 (December 14, 2022).