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Background <p>Frailty is a critical geriatric syndrome associated with adverse health outcomes and exhibits a complex relationship with obesity. Traditional anthropometrics, such as body mass index (BMI), inadequately assess obesity-related risks in the aging population. Emerging indices better capture visceral adiposity, potentially enhancing frailty prediction. This study evaluates these indices’ associations with frailty in older adults.</p> Methods <p>This study analyzed existing data collected between 2002 and 2007 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). BMI, body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist/height0.5 (WHT·5R) were calculated using waist circumference, weight, and height. We used a modified frailty index (FI) with 36 standardized parameters to quantify the severity of frailty by the cumulative proportion of deficits.</p> Results <p>In the adjusted model, increases in all indices except ABSI were statistically significantly associated with increases in FI (BRI: β(95%CI) = 0.004(0.003, 0.005); BMI: β(95%CI) = 0.001(0.0001, 0.001); ABSI: β(95%CI) = 2.034(1.627, 2.440); WHtR: β(95%CI) = 0.093(0.067, 0.119); WHT·5R: β(95%CI) = 0.007(0.005,0.009)). Bootstrap analysis showed that BRI had a greater impact on FI than BMI (difference = 0.0019), while WHtR and WHT·5R had a stronger impact on FI than BRI (difference = −0.0746 and −0.0027, respectively). The effect of WHtR on FI was significantly higher than that of WHT·5R (difference = 0.0719).</p> Conclusion <p>This study highlighted that WHtR was more strongly associated with FI than BMI, BRI, and WHT·5R, and highlighted the priority of waist-centered obesity measures in frailty risk assessment and clinical intervention in the elderly.</p>

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Comparison of novel and traditional anthropometric indices: which is the best indicator of frailty in older adults?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Aijun Song,
  • Siying Yu,
  • Taotao Huang,
  • Jian Shi

摘要

Background

Frailty is a critical geriatric syndrome associated with adverse health outcomes and exhibits a complex relationship with obesity. Traditional anthropometrics, such as body mass index (BMI), inadequately assess obesity-related risks in the aging population. Emerging indices better capture visceral adiposity, potentially enhancing frailty prediction. This study evaluates these indices’ associations with frailty in older adults.

Methods

This study analyzed existing data collected between 2002 and 2007 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). BMI, body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist/height0.5 (WHT·5R) were calculated using waist circumference, weight, and height. We used a modified frailty index (FI) with 36 standardized parameters to quantify the severity of frailty by the cumulative proportion of deficits.

Results

In the adjusted model, increases in all indices except ABSI were statistically significantly associated with increases in FI (BRI: β(95%CI) = 0.004(0.003, 0.005); BMI: β(95%CI) = 0.001(0.0001, 0.001); ABSI: β(95%CI) = 2.034(1.627, 2.440); WHtR: β(95%CI) = 0.093(0.067, 0.119); WHT·5R: β(95%CI) = 0.007(0.005,0.009)). Bootstrap analysis showed that BRI had a greater impact on FI than BMI (difference = 0.0019), while WHtR and WHT·5R had a stronger impact on FI than BRI (difference = −0.0746 and −0.0027, respectively). The effect of WHtR on FI was significantly higher than that of WHT·5R (difference = 0.0719).

Conclusion

This study highlighted that WHtR was more strongly associated with FI than BMI, BRI, and WHT·5R, and highlighted the priority of waist-centered obesity measures in frailty risk assessment and clinical intervention in the elderly.