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Background <p>The increasing occurrence of extreme weather events and the rapid growth of renewable energy penetration are challenging the resilience of modern power systems. Electric vehicles (EVs), due to their bidirectional energy capabilities, present a novel opportunity to enhance power system resilience in both normal and emergency scenarios.</p> Objective <p>This study aims to systematically review the potential of EVs, particularly through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, in enhancing power system resilience. The paper seeks to understand their applications in grid services, pre-disaster planning, and disaster response, while identifying associated technical, economic, and policy challenges.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining recent studies and pilot projects on EV integration into power systems. The review categorizes the findings into four strategic areas: V2G in non-crisis conditions, pre-disaster planning, emergency response, and policy frameworks. The paper also discusses commonly used resilience assessment metrics and proposes directions for future research.</p> Results <p>EVs have demonstrated significant contributions to frequency and voltage regulation, peak shaving, black start capability, and disaster recovery. Pre-disaster coordination strategies, including hierarchical and two-stage optimization frameworks, have shown effectiveness in enhancing grid flexibility and critical load restoration. Policy mechanisms such as dynamic pricing and equitable incentive schemes play a pivotal role in encouraging EV participation in resilience services.</p> Conclusion <p>EVs offer significant promise as distributed energy resources for enhancing power system resilience. Their effective integration requires not only supportive infrastructure and regulatory frameworks but also solutions to key challenges such as battery degradation, economic viability, and policy uncertainty. Future research should focus on developing scalable coordination strategies for diverse EV fleets, with particular attention to multi-timescale scheduling mechanisms. Furthermore, synergistic integration with other flexible energy resources—such as stationary storage, demand response, and renewable generation—will be essential to maximize system-level resilience. A holistic, cross-sector approach is needed to fully unlock the resilience potential of EVs in modern energy systems.</p>

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Leveraging Electric Vehicles for Enhancing Power System Resilience: A Review of Strategies and Challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月25日

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  • Songling Pang,
  • Cong Liu,
  • Chenjia Zhang,
  • Jinxi Zhang,
  • Hongcai Zhang

摘要

Background

The increasing occurrence of extreme weather events and the rapid growth of renewable energy penetration are challenging the resilience of modern power systems. Electric vehicles (EVs), due to their bidirectional energy capabilities, present a novel opportunity to enhance power system resilience in both normal and emergency scenarios.

Objective

This study aims to systematically review the potential of EVs, particularly through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, in enhancing power system resilience. The paper seeks to understand their applications in grid services, pre-disaster planning, and disaster response, while identifying associated technical, economic, and policy challenges.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining recent studies and pilot projects on EV integration into power systems. The review categorizes the findings into four strategic areas: V2G in non-crisis conditions, pre-disaster planning, emergency response, and policy frameworks. The paper also discusses commonly used resilience assessment metrics and proposes directions for future research.

Results

EVs have demonstrated significant contributions to frequency and voltage regulation, peak shaving, black start capability, and disaster recovery. Pre-disaster coordination strategies, including hierarchical and two-stage optimization frameworks, have shown effectiveness in enhancing grid flexibility and critical load restoration. Policy mechanisms such as dynamic pricing and equitable incentive schemes play a pivotal role in encouraging EV participation in resilience services.

Conclusion

EVs offer significant promise as distributed energy resources for enhancing power system resilience. Their effective integration requires not only supportive infrastructure and regulatory frameworks but also solutions to key challenges such as battery degradation, economic viability, and policy uncertainty. Future research should focus on developing scalable coordination strategies for diverse EV fleets, with particular attention to multi-timescale scheduling mechanisms. Furthermore, synergistic integration with other flexible energy resources—such as stationary storage, demand response, and renewable generation—will be essential to maximize system-level resilience. A holistic, cross-sector approach is needed to fully unlock the resilience potential of EVs in modern energy systems.