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<p>In recent years, Underwater Laser Welding (ULW) has been developed due to its precise heat input, superior welding quality, and fully automated welding process in comparison to underwater arc welding. This technique has garnered increased attention; yet, only a limited number of articles have comprehensively documented and analysed the influence of process parameters in ULW. This review article presents the reader with a thorough understanding of the primary ULW process parameters, such as water depth, laser power, welding speed, and their influence on weld quality. This part of the review provides a detailed assessment of the mechanical characteristics and microstructural evolution of ULW. It gives a summary of the latest advancements in research aimed at improving process consistency and weld performance when employing laser welds underwater. The key challenges in ULW are critically examined and discussed in detail. The paper concludes with recommendations for additional research to enhance the performance and reliability of ULW.</p>

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Parametric Analysis and Performance of Underwater Laser Welding: a Comprehensive Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • C. Rathinasuriyan,
  • J. Bharani Chandar,
  • K. Subramani,
  • R. Sankar

摘要

In recent years, Underwater Laser Welding (ULW) has been developed due to its precise heat input, superior welding quality, and fully automated welding process in comparison to underwater arc welding. This technique has garnered increased attention; yet, only a limited number of articles have comprehensively documented and analysed the influence of process parameters in ULW. This review article presents the reader with a thorough understanding of the primary ULW process parameters, such as water depth, laser power, welding speed, and their influence on weld quality. This part of the review provides a detailed assessment of the mechanical characteristics and microstructural evolution of ULW. It gives a summary of the latest advancements in research aimed at improving process consistency and weld performance when employing laser welds underwater. The key challenges in ULW are critically examined and discussed in detail. The paper concludes with recommendations for additional research to enhance the performance and reliability of ULW.