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<p>Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a precise additive manufacturing technique for fabricating complex metal components. This study investigates the microstructure, hardness, wear behavior, and residual stresses of SS316L and H13 tool steel built using LPBF process. SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses were performed before and after dry sliding wear tests. Hardness tests revealed that SS316L exhibited a higher average hardness (218 HV) than H13 tool steel (174 HV), attributed to its refined microstructure, high dislocation density, rapid solidification, and work-hardening behavior inherent to the LPBF process. SEM and EDX analyses confirmed debris aggregation and enhanced grain consolidation in SS316L, while H13 tool steel showed a well-defined cellular structure. XRD results indicated higher crystallinity in H13 tool steel but lower wear resistance. Dry sliding wear tests demonstrated SS316L’s superior wear resistance, with a wear rate 3.3 times lower than H13 tool steel. Residual stress measurements indicated compressive stress in SS316L (-4&#xa0;MPa) and tensile stress in H13 tool steel (+ 62&#xa0;MPa), both within safe limits.</p>

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Microstructure, Residual Stresses, and Wear Behavior of SS316L and H13 Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • K. Veera Raghavulu,
  • Jayaprakash Sharma Panchagnula,
  • C Udaya Kiran,
  • Srinivasa Raju Chemarthi,
  • Ankammarao Padamurthy,
  • Harinadh Vemanaboina,
  • Prabhu Paramasivam

摘要

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a precise additive manufacturing technique for fabricating complex metal components. This study investigates the microstructure, hardness, wear behavior, and residual stresses of SS316L and H13 tool steel built using LPBF process. SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses were performed before and after dry sliding wear tests. Hardness tests revealed that SS316L exhibited a higher average hardness (218 HV) than H13 tool steel (174 HV), attributed to its refined microstructure, high dislocation density, rapid solidification, and work-hardening behavior inherent to the LPBF process. SEM and EDX analyses confirmed debris aggregation and enhanced grain consolidation in SS316L, while H13 tool steel showed a well-defined cellular structure. XRD results indicated higher crystallinity in H13 tool steel but lower wear resistance. Dry sliding wear tests demonstrated SS316L’s superior wear resistance, with a wear rate 3.3 times lower than H13 tool steel. Residual stress measurements indicated compressive stress in SS316L (-4 MPa) and tensile stress in H13 tool steel (+ 62 MPa), both within safe limits.