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<p>Soil conditioning (SC) tests were conducted on representative clayey and sandy soils from the Hanoi Metro Line 3 tunnel alignment to identify suitable conditioning parameters for Earth Pressure Balance tunnelling. Different combinations of water injection ratio, foam expansion ratio, and foam injection ratio were evaluated through slump and flow table tests to assess workability. SC significantly improved the workability of both soils. For the clayey soil, the optimum condition consisted of a water injection ratio of 15%, foam concentration of 1.5%, foam expansion ratio of 8, and foam injection ratio of 30–50%, producing a slump of approximately 130&#xa0;mm and a spread diameter of 149&#xa0;mm. For the sandy soil, the optimum condition corresponded to a water injection ratio of 5%, foam concentration of 1.5%, foam expansion ratio of 8, and a foam injection ratio of 68%, resulting in a slump of approximately 135&#xa0;mm and spread diameters of 135–170&#xa0;mm. Regression analysis confirmed significant positive relationships between foam injection ratio and workability, demonstrating that optimum SC parameters are strongly dependent on soil type.</p>

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Laboratory Evaluation of Soil Conditioning for EPB Shield Tunnelling in the Hanoi Metro Line 3 Project

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Van Quang Nguyen,
  • Van Dang Nguyen,
  • Trung Nghia Phan,
  • Khanh Hung Nguyen

摘要

Soil conditioning (SC) tests were conducted on representative clayey and sandy soils from the Hanoi Metro Line 3 tunnel alignment to identify suitable conditioning parameters for Earth Pressure Balance tunnelling. Different combinations of water injection ratio, foam expansion ratio, and foam injection ratio were evaluated through slump and flow table tests to assess workability. SC significantly improved the workability of both soils. For the clayey soil, the optimum condition consisted of a water injection ratio of 15%, foam concentration of 1.5%, foam expansion ratio of 8, and foam injection ratio of 30–50%, producing a slump of approximately 130 mm and a spread diameter of 149 mm. For the sandy soil, the optimum condition corresponded to a water injection ratio of 5%, foam concentration of 1.5%, foam expansion ratio of 8, and a foam injection ratio of 68%, resulting in a slump of approximately 135 mm and spread diameters of 135–170 mm. Regression analysis confirmed significant positive relationships between foam injection ratio and workability, demonstrating that optimum SC parameters are strongly dependent on soil type.