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<p>Three-dimensional finite element analyses were performed to evaluate the behaviour of unpiled raft (UR) and piled-raft foundation (PRF) systems in cohesive soil under point loading and surface loading with and without a groundwater table (GWT). Parametric analyses were conducted by varying pile number, loading condition, and soil cohesion. Settlement response, bending moment, shear force, raft-soil contact pressure, axial load distribution, and load-sharing mechanisms were examined. Point loading produced greater stress concentration, larger settlements, and higher axial forces near pile heads than surface loading. Surface loading resulted in a more uniform stress distribution and greater participation of the raft in load transfer. Increasing the number of piles reduced settlement and raft-soil contact pressure and shifted the maximum axial load to greater depths owing to progressive mobilization of shaft resistance. Foundations without a GWT developed higher axial load capacity and pile load share because of increased effective stress and soil stiffness. The presence of GWT reduced load-transfer efficiency and increased settlement. Increasing soil cohesion enhanced soil stiffness and increased load transfer through the raft-soil interface, which reduced the axial load carried by individual piles. Pile configuration and loading condition were found to govern the overall performance, stress redistribution, and load-transfer behaviour of PRF under varying groundwater conditions.</p>

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Comparative Numerical Study of Point and Surface Load Response of Piled Raft Foundations on Cohesive Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Dujana Abu,
  • Shashank Singh,
  • Bony Shashikumar Sharma,
  • Chandresh H. Solanki,
  • Shruti J. Shukla

摘要

Three-dimensional finite element analyses were performed to evaluate the behaviour of unpiled raft (UR) and piled-raft foundation (PRF) systems in cohesive soil under point loading and surface loading with and without a groundwater table (GWT). Parametric analyses were conducted by varying pile number, loading condition, and soil cohesion. Settlement response, bending moment, shear force, raft-soil contact pressure, axial load distribution, and load-sharing mechanisms were examined. Point loading produced greater stress concentration, larger settlements, and higher axial forces near pile heads than surface loading. Surface loading resulted in a more uniform stress distribution and greater participation of the raft in load transfer. Increasing the number of piles reduced settlement and raft-soil contact pressure and shifted the maximum axial load to greater depths owing to progressive mobilization of shaft resistance. Foundations without a GWT developed higher axial load capacity and pile load share because of increased effective stress and soil stiffness. The presence of GWT reduced load-transfer efficiency and increased settlement. Increasing soil cohesion enhanced soil stiffness and increased load transfer through the raft-soil interface, which reduced the axial load carried by individual piles. Pile configuration and loading condition were found to govern the overall performance, stress redistribution, and load-transfer behaviour of PRF under varying groundwater conditions.