Numerical Analysis on Grouted Rock Bolt in Rock Slopes

In this study, kinematic analysis was conducted to assess the potential for plane, wedge, and toppling failures considering discontinuity orientations, slope geometry, and friction angle. To complement this qualitative assessment, numerical analysis was performed using the finite element method with the Generalized Hoek–Brown and equivalent Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria for rock mass modeling. Based on the results, grouted rock bolts were proposed as a support measure to enhance stability. A parametric study optimized bolt parameters, such as length, spacing, diameter, tensile capacity, and orientation. Field performance was evaluated where pullout tests were conducted to validate the design. The discontinuum slope analysis initially yielded a factor of safety of 0.95, indicating instability. After the inclusion of grouted rock bolts, the factor of safety increased to 1.37, demonstrating a significant improvement in stability.