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<p>Laboratory model tests and three-dimensional numerical simulations quantified how cavity filling ratio influenced pile bearing behavior in karst foundations under lateral surcharge loading. Piles crossing multiple cavities were tested at filling ratios of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Tests were scaled from a 65&#xa0;m long, 2.5&#xa0;m diameter prototype using a geometric similarity ratio of 1:60 and a unit weight similarity ratio of 1.1; the numerical model followed the same similarity scheme and reproduced the test response. Identical surcharge loading was applied in both approaches. Increasing filling ratio from 25% to 100% reduced pile head settlement by 37.74%, and the reduction became negligible beyond 50%. At 50% filling, pile shaft deformation shifted from outward-bulging bending to a more uniform profile, indicating higher lateral resistance and stiffness. Peak axial force in the rock mass zone decreased once filling exceeded 50%, with a maximum reduction of 36.95% at 75%, alleviating stress concentration. Bending moment along the shaft became more uniform, and the maximum bending moment dropped by up to 31.6% at 75%, limiting local tensile cracking. The results established quantitative criteria for selecting cavity filling ratios in karst pile foundation engineering under lateral surcharge loading.</p>

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Influence of Embankment Filling Rate on the Bearing Behavior of Piles Crossing Karst Cavities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Fei Wang,
  • Zhiqiang Yuan,
  • Liming Yang,
  • Hui Zhou,
  • Jiabing Zhang

摘要

Laboratory model tests and three-dimensional numerical simulations quantified how cavity filling ratio influenced pile bearing behavior in karst foundations under lateral surcharge loading. Piles crossing multiple cavities were tested at filling ratios of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Tests were scaled from a 65 m long, 2.5 m diameter prototype using a geometric similarity ratio of 1:60 and a unit weight similarity ratio of 1.1; the numerical model followed the same similarity scheme and reproduced the test response. Identical surcharge loading was applied in both approaches. Increasing filling ratio from 25% to 100% reduced pile head settlement by 37.74%, and the reduction became negligible beyond 50%. At 50% filling, pile shaft deformation shifted from outward-bulging bending to a more uniform profile, indicating higher lateral resistance and stiffness. Peak axial force in the rock mass zone decreased once filling exceeded 50%, with a maximum reduction of 36.95% at 75%, alleviating stress concentration. Bending moment along the shaft became more uniform, and the maximum bending moment dropped by up to 31.6% at 75%, limiting local tensile cracking. The results established quantitative criteria for selecting cavity filling ratios in karst pile foundation engineering under lateral surcharge loading.