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<p>This study investigated subsurface discontinuities along a 400-meter urban metro alignment (Tabriz Metro Line 2) using integrated geophysical methods. The primary objective was to map fault-related anomalies in a complex environment characterized by marl and sandstone lithologies. Data acquisition involved 1D Gradient profiling, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), 2D Pole-Dipole electrical resistivity tomography, and seismic refraction tomography. The Gradient array revealed negative chargeability anomalies centered at 130&#xa0;m and 190&#xa0;m. VES data indicated a three-layer geoelectrical model, with a distinct vertical discontinuity observed at 140&#xa0;m. The 2D Pole-Dipole survey delineated a conductive zone between 125&#xa0;m and 140&#xa0;m, coinciding with P-wave velocity reductions identified in the seismic refraction models. Two primary anomalous zones were characterized: Zone A (125–140&#xa0;m) and Zone B (180–190&#xa0;m). Integration of these datasets suggests Zone A represents a high-confidence fault branch, evidenced by consistent resistivity contrasts and velocity drops. Conversely, Zone B exhibits fault-like signatures but requires probabilistic interpretation due to the proximity of underground urban infrastructure. The findings demonstrate that combining electrical and seismic methods significantly reduces interpretational uncertainty in tectonically active urban corridors.</p>

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Fault Zone Mapping in the Vicinity of the Underground Railway System Using the Integration of Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Refraction Methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Omid Haddadi,
  • Mohammad Ali Riahi,
  • Amir Jamasb

摘要

This study investigated subsurface discontinuities along a 400-meter urban metro alignment (Tabriz Metro Line 2) using integrated geophysical methods. The primary objective was to map fault-related anomalies in a complex environment characterized by marl and sandstone lithologies. Data acquisition involved 1D Gradient profiling, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), 2D Pole-Dipole electrical resistivity tomography, and seismic refraction tomography. The Gradient array revealed negative chargeability anomalies centered at 130 m and 190 m. VES data indicated a three-layer geoelectrical model, with a distinct vertical discontinuity observed at 140 m. The 2D Pole-Dipole survey delineated a conductive zone between 125 m and 140 m, coinciding with P-wave velocity reductions identified in the seismic refraction models. Two primary anomalous zones were characterized: Zone A (125–140 m) and Zone B (180–190 m). Integration of these datasets suggests Zone A represents a high-confidence fault branch, evidenced by consistent resistivity contrasts and velocity drops. Conversely, Zone B exhibits fault-like signatures but requires probabilistic interpretation due to the proximity of underground urban infrastructure. The findings demonstrate that combining electrical and seismic methods significantly reduces interpretational uncertainty in tectonically active urban corridors.