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<p>Three intersection tunnel models—entrance/exit, single-ventilation-shaft, and double-ventilation-shaft—were established to investigate the mechanical responses and disturbance impacts of large-section metro station intersections during excavation. A K-means clustering algorithm was employed to develop a quantitative disturbance-zoning method based on a standardized distance metric, <i>S/D</i>, where <i>S</i> represents the distance from the intersection center and <i>D</i> represents the excavation diameter. Research results showed that the surrounding rock was generally under compression across all models. The arch foot of the main tunnel exhibited the highest compressive stress, while the intersection invert showed concentrated tensile stress, indicating structural weakness. Localized tensile stress also appeared at the base of the intersection arch, despite the overall compressive condition of the initial support. Smaller intersection areas produced more stable surrounding rock in the main tunnel. Disturbance zones were defined by K-means as follows: <i>S/D</i> ≤ 0.525 (strongly affected), 0.525 &lt; <i>S/D</i> ≤ 1.12 (weakly affected), and <i>S/D</i> &gt; 1.12 (unaffected). These thresholds aligned closely with plastic-zone boundaries predicted by the Fenner solution, validating the method’s reliability. The findings provided a technical basis for optimizing design and mitigating risks in complex metro tunnel intersection projects.</p>

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A Quantitative Method for Identifying Construction Risk Zones at Metro Tunnel Intersections Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Taixing Wu,
  • Xianqin Wu,
  • Rong Liu,
  • Junsheng Du,
  • Jie Chen

摘要

Three intersection tunnel models—entrance/exit, single-ventilation-shaft, and double-ventilation-shaft—were established to investigate the mechanical responses and disturbance impacts of large-section metro station intersections during excavation. A K-means clustering algorithm was employed to develop a quantitative disturbance-zoning method based on a standardized distance metric, S/D, where S represents the distance from the intersection center and D represents the excavation diameter. Research results showed that the surrounding rock was generally under compression across all models. The arch foot of the main tunnel exhibited the highest compressive stress, while the intersection invert showed concentrated tensile stress, indicating structural weakness. Localized tensile stress also appeared at the base of the intersection arch, despite the overall compressive condition of the initial support. Smaller intersection areas produced more stable surrounding rock in the main tunnel. Disturbance zones were defined by K-means as follows: S/D ≤ 0.525 (strongly affected), 0.525 < S/D ≤ 1.12 (weakly affected), and S/D > 1.12 (unaffected). These thresholds aligned closely with plastic-zone boundaries predicted by the Fenner solution, validating the method’s reliability. The findings provided a technical basis for optimizing design and mitigating risks in complex metro tunnel intersection projects.