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<p>This study investigated the failure process, crack propagation, and structural mechanical response of tunnels under normal fault movement by using the cohesive zone model. The damage to the tunnel under normal fault activity is attributed to the combined effect of tensile and shear forces. The precursor of tunnel failure was the tensile crack generation, and the penetration of tensile cracks accompanied the whole failure process. The through shear crack along the normal fault direction was the main cause of tunnel failure. The frequency of tensile cracks increased with the decrease of normal fault inclination angle. The decrease of normal fault inclination angle led to the increase of the damaged zone and even the map crack of the lining far away from the normal fault. The tunnel was more vulnerable to shear failure as lateral in situ stress increased, which reduced the damage zone and mitigated the risk. When the normal fault width did not exceed one times the tunnel diameter, the damage to the tunnel is the most severe, and the damage decreased rapidly with the increase of the fault width.</p>

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Failure Analysis of Mountain Tunnel Subjected to Normal Fault Movement Using Cohesive Zone Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Shubo Zhang,
  • Xianpeng liu,
  • Jiwei Luo,
  • Xiaoqiang Liu,
  • Yixuan wang

摘要

This study investigated the failure process, crack propagation, and structural mechanical response of tunnels under normal fault movement by using the cohesive zone model. The damage to the tunnel under normal fault activity is attributed to the combined effect of tensile and shear forces. The precursor of tunnel failure was the tensile crack generation, and the penetration of tensile cracks accompanied the whole failure process. The through shear crack along the normal fault direction was the main cause of tunnel failure. The frequency of tensile cracks increased with the decrease of normal fault inclination angle. The decrease of normal fault inclination angle led to the increase of the damaged zone and even the map crack of the lining far away from the normal fault. The tunnel was more vulnerable to shear failure as lateral in situ stress increased, which reduced the damage zone and mitigated the risk. When the normal fault width did not exceed one times the tunnel diameter, the damage to the tunnel is the most severe, and the damage decreased rapidly with the increase of the fault width.