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<p>Due to the limited availability of fly ash, this study examined the use of quarry waste, a byproduct of M-sand or P-sand production, as its partial replacement (0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100%) in Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) mixtures. Key properties evaluated included flowability, setting time, bleeding, density, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), split tensile strength (STS), California bearing ratio (CBR), permeability and microstructural characteristics. Results showed that increasing quarry waste delayed initial setting due to extended bleeding, but the addition of calcium chloride accelerators improved workability and reduced water demand. Flowability and dry density increased with quarry waste content, but remained within acceptable limits. UCS values showed considerable improvement up to 180%, especially at lower cement content, with the maximum value limited to 2&#xa0;MPa to ensure manual excavation. Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminium silicate hydrate gels, contributing to strength gain. Similar trends were observed in STS and CBR, mirroring the improvements seen in UCS. Permeability reduced after 28&#xa0;days of curing and matched that of well-graded sand. Quarry waste replacement up to 70% demonstrated improved strength and controlled permeability, making it suitable for CLSM backfill in construction applications.</p>

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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Quarry Waste-Based Controlled Low Strength Material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月9日

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  • U Salini,
  • Anusha Parayil

摘要

Due to the limited availability of fly ash, this study examined the use of quarry waste, a byproduct of M-sand or P-sand production, as its partial replacement (0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100%) in Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) mixtures. Key properties evaluated included flowability, setting time, bleeding, density, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), split tensile strength (STS), California bearing ratio (CBR), permeability and microstructural characteristics. Results showed that increasing quarry waste delayed initial setting due to extended bleeding, but the addition of calcium chloride accelerators improved workability and reduced water demand. Flowability and dry density increased with quarry waste content, but remained within acceptable limits. UCS values showed considerable improvement up to 180%, especially at lower cement content, with the maximum value limited to 2 MPa to ensure manual excavation. Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminium silicate hydrate gels, contributing to strength gain. Similar trends were observed in STS and CBR, mirroring the improvements seen in UCS. Permeability reduced after 28 days of curing and matched that of well-graded sand. Quarry waste replacement up to 70% demonstrated improved strength and controlled permeability, making it suitable for CLSM backfill in construction applications.