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<p>The geometry of tunnels is a key factor influencing ground behavior and the stability of the tunnel lining during staged excavation. This study employs experimental and numerical methods to investigate the responses of the ground and lining to different tunnel shapes in uniform and topographic ground profiles. Experimental tests under 1-g conditions analyzed circular tunnels, while a three-dimensional finite element numerical analysis for circular, rectangular, and D-shaped tunnels. An elastoplastic model with a Hardening Soil failure criterion was utilized to represent the stress–strain behavior of the soil, whereas linear elastic behavior was assumed for the structural elements. Parametric studies examined tunnel cover depths, volume losses, and ground profiles. Key factors include zones of influence, surface settlement, trough width, lining deformation, and strain, which are evaluated and compared with existing literature and standards. The findings indicate that circular tunnels result in minimal surface settlement and lining deformation, while rectangular tunnels exhibit the highest levels, with D-shaped tunnels falling in between. Tunneling in topographically varied ground profiles leads to increased surface and lining deformation compared to uniform ground profiles. This paper offers valuable insights for hazard assessment considering the surface settlement due to the construction of different shaped of tunnels.</p>

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Response on Ground Surface and Lining Due to Staged Construction of Different Shapes of Tunnels in Sandy Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月9日

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  • Asit Bayen,
  • Manojit Samanta,
  • Debi Prasanna Kanungo

摘要

The geometry of tunnels is a key factor influencing ground behavior and the stability of the tunnel lining during staged excavation. This study employs experimental and numerical methods to investigate the responses of the ground and lining to different tunnel shapes in uniform and topographic ground profiles. Experimental tests under 1-g conditions analyzed circular tunnels, while a three-dimensional finite element numerical analysis for circular, rectangular, and D-shaped tunnels. An elastoplastic model with a Hardening Soil failure criterion was utilized to represent the stress–strain behavior of the soil, whereas linear elastic behavior was assumed for the structural elements. Parametric studies examined tunnel cover depths, volume losses, and ground profiles. Key factors include zones of influence, surface settlement, trough width, lining deformation, and strain, which are evaluated and compared with existing literature and standards. The findings indicate that circular tunnels result in minimal surface settlement and lining deformation, while rectangular tunnels exhibit the highest levels, with D-shaped tunnels falling in between. Tunneling in topographically varied ground profiles leads to increased surface and lining deformation compared to uniform ground profiles. This paper offers valuable insights for hazard assessment considering the surface settlement due to the construction of different shaped of tunnels.