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<p>Rail tracks are constantly subjected to dynamic loads, and identifying the critical speed at which the vibrations reach their peak amplitude is essential to prevent structural failures and derailments. This study presents a comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model of a ballasted rail track under a moving load at varying speeds, considering both single-pass and multi-pass scenarios. The rail and sleepers, which form the superstructure, and the ballast, sub-ballast, and subgrade, making up the substructure, are modeled using elastic and elastoplastic material properties. Dynamic responses, such as the vertical components of stress, displacement, velocity, and acceleration, are evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Peak-to-Peak (PTP) methods. The analyses reveal that the vertical stress and velocity components provide better insights into critical speed behavior than displacement. The modeling results predict the critical speed to be in the range of 300–400&#xa0;km/h for Elastic-Elastic (E-E) and Elastic-Elastoplastic (E-EP) configurations, and 200–300&#xa0;km/h for Elastoplastic-Elastoplastic (EP-EP) cases. In multi-pass scenarios, E-EP configurations show a backward shift in critical speeds after the first pass, with progressively intensified stress and strain responses. Conversely, EP-EP case maintains consistent critical speed in multi-pass scenario. The results indicate the effective plastic strain to be localized on the rail surface, indicating a strong resistance to subsurface deformation even under repeated loads. This study also highlights the influence of damping and material properties on the dynamic behavior and offers practical insights for evaluating rail performance under real-world traffic conditions, ensuring safety and structural integrity of rail systems.</p>

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Numerical Prediction of Critical Speed for a Ballasted Rail Track Pertaining to Elastic and Inelastic Material Behavior of Substructure and Superstructure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月17日

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  • Ananthu Jayakumar,
  • Ajith Ramesh

摘要

Rail tracks are constantly subjected to dynamic loads, and identifying the critical speed at which the vibrations reach their peak amplitude is essential to prevent structural failures and derailments. This study presents a comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model of a ballasted rail track under a moving load at varying speeds, considering both single-pass and multi-pass scenarios. The rail and sleepers, which form the superstructure, and the ballast, sub-ballast, and subgrade, making up the substructure, are modeled using elastic and elastoplastic material properties. Dynamic responses, such as the vertical components of stress, displacement, velocity, and acceleration, are evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Peak-to-Peak (PTP) methods. The analyses reveal that the vertical stress and velocity components provide better insights into critical speed behavior than displacement. The modeling results predict the critical speed to be in the range of 300–400 km/h for Elastic-Elastic (E-E) and Elastic-Elastoplastic (E-EP) configurations, and 200–300 km/h for Elastoplastic-Elastoplastic (EP-EP) cases. In multi-pass scenarios, E-EP configurations show a backward shift in critical speeds after the first pass, with progressively intensified stress and strain responses. Conversely, EP-EP case maintains consistent critical speed in multi-pass scenario. The results indicate the effective plastic strain to be localized on the rail surface, indicating a strong resistance to subsurface deformation even under repeated loads. This study also highlights the influence of damping and material properties on the dynamic behavior and offers practical insights for evaluating rail performance under real-world traffic conditions, ensuring safety and structural integrity of rail systems.