Dynamic Stability of Highway Embankments Reinforced with Construction and Demolition Wastes

This study investigates the dynamic response and stability of highway embankments incorporating construction and demolition (C&D) wastes using finite element analysis (FEA). With a focus on a 10% replacement ratio of C&D wastes based on existing literature, three waste types were evaluated in conjunction with clayey soil. Static analysis revealed reduced embankment stability with increased height and slope due to decreased cohesion from C&D waste inclusion. Site response analysis highlighted amplified surface acceleration caused by soft and compressible soil layers. Among the C&D materials, embankments with brick mix waste exhibited superior performance in mitigating dynamic responses. Displacement analysis across varying heights and slopes consistently identified brick mix as the optimal fill material, offering reduced displacement and acceleration. The most favourable configuration was a 9 m height embankment with a 1:1.5 slope, achieving significant improvements compared to conventional fill materials. By incorporating Uttarkashi earthquake data, the study provides practical insights into the application of C&D wastes, particularly brick mix, in highway embankments, enhancing both stability and seismic performance. These findings underscore the potential of C&D materials as sustainable alternatives, contributing to eco-friendly and resilient infrastructure development.