Various Approaches for Assessment of Crude Oil Mixed Soil Behavior Using Cone Penetration Test Records

The study proposed a new classification index, the Crude Oil Classification Index, to detect changes in soil behavior due to crude oil, water, and clay. The index was calculated based on water and oil composition. The small cone tests and physical modeling techniques were used. Data from cone tests were compared with observations from physical modeling methods. Significant changes in soil properties including density, cohesion, and deformation resistance were observed due to crude oil. The research classified soil mixed with crude oil and evaluated trends in cone tip resistance and sleeve resistance parameters. The results indicated a decrease in soil strength and stiffness with increasing crude oil content.