Human Rabies: Laboratory Diagnosis, Management and Nanomedicine

Rabies is a universally fatal viral disease predominantly transmitted through the bites and scratches of infected animals, with domestic dogs being the primary source of human cases. The highest incidence rates are reported in Asia and Africa. Despite its high mortality rate, rabies is often not prioritized as a major health concern, especially in Asian countries. This review emphasizes the critical importance of timely and accurate diagnosis and immediate medical intervention, which can significantly reduce the disease's severity, prevent fatal outcomes and accurately diagnose suspected patients.

Emerging novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches are crucial to effectively managing and preventing rabies. This review provides a thorough and detailed analysis of laboratory diagnostic methods and management strategies for human rabies, tracing the advancements from historical methodologies to current practices. This evaluation is based on an extensive literature review from the past 20 years, offering valuable insights into the evolution of rabies diagnostics and management strategies. It reflects ongoing efforts to enhance outcomes for affected individuals and underscores the importance of continued innovation in combating this deadly disease.

Rabies is often not prioritized as a major health concern, especially in Asia and Africa. This review highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention, explores novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, and provides a comprehensive analysis of rabies management strategies based on a literature review from the past 20 years.