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<p>Reliable regeneration systems are critical for biotechnological applications and for genetic improvement in tissue-culture recalcitrant sorghum. This study used mature seeds as explants to establish a reproducible and season-independent regeneration system for M35-1, an important native Indian Maldandi genotype. Different concentrations of 2,4-D (1–3&#xa0;mg/L) in combination with Kinetin (0.5&#xa0;mg/L) were tested for efficient induction of embryogenic callus. The maximum callus induction frequency (82.5 ± 3.7%) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 3&#xa0;mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5&#xa0;mg/L Kinetin. The resulting callus types were further characterized through microscopy to identify structural features correlating with the regeneration potential. Later, the embryogenic calli were transferred to regeneration media supplemented with zeatin (1&#xa0;mg/L), IAA (1&#xa0;mg/L), TDZ (0.1&#xa0;mg/L), and ABA (0.1 µM), resulting in up to 78% regeneration efficiency with 5–7 shoots per callus. Subsequently, the explants exhibiting profuse shoot growth were transferred to a rooting medium containing 0.5&#xa0;mg/L IBA, resulting in a rooting frequency of more than 77%. This study established a reproducible and efficient seed-derived regeneration platform for the elite Indian M35-1 sorghum genotype, offering practical advantages in ease of handling and year-round availability. The optimized protocol could also be replicated in the Tx430 genotype, providing a robust foundation for future functional genomic studies.</p>

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Season-independent regeneration protocol for the grain sorghum genotypes M35-1 and Tx430 using mature seeds as explant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Wudali Narasimha Sudheer,
  • Priyank Sonagara,
  • Narasimham Dokka,
  • Manoj K. Sharma,
  • Rita A. Sharma

摘要

Reliable regeneration systems are critical for biotechnological applications and for genetic improvement in tissue-culture recalcitrant sorghum. This study used mature seeds as explants to establish a reproducible and season-independent regeneration system for M35-1, an important native Indian Maldandi genotype. Different concentrations of 2,4-D (1–3 mg/L) in combination with Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) were tested for efficient induction of embryogenic callus. The maximum callus induction frequency (82.5 ± 3.7%) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L Kinetin. The resulting callus types were further characterized through microscopy to identify structural features correlating with the regeneration potential. Later, the embryogenic calli were transferred to regeneration media supplemented with zeatin (1 mg/L), IAA (1 mg/L), TDZ (0.1 mg/L), and ABA (0.1 µM), resulting in up to 78% regeneration efficiency with 5–7 shoots per callus. Subsequently, the explants exhibiting profuse shoot growth were transferred to a rooting medium containing 0.5 mg/L IBA, resulting in a rooting frequency of more than 77%. This study established a reproducible and efficient seed-derived regeneration platform for the elite Indian M35-1 sorghum genotype, offering practical advantages in ease of handling and year-round availability. The optimized protocol could also be replicated in the Tx430 genotype, providing a robust foundation for future functional genomic studies.