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<p><i>In vitro</i> propagation provides disease-free planting material in ginger, a crop of high medicinal and commercial importance. The present study aimed to evaluate the anatomical, biochemical, and functional characteristics of <i>in vitro </i>raised and conventionally grown (<i>in vivo</i>) ginger plants in order to understand structural and physiological adaptations induced by tissue culture conditions. Anatomical analyses of leaves, pseudostems, and rhizomes revealed distinct differences in cuticle thickness, stomatal density, mesophyll organization, and vascular development between <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> ginger plants. Biochemical profiling indicated enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and starch accumulation in <i>in vitro</i> plantlets, reflecting stress-responsive metabolic adjustments, while<i> in vivo</i> plants exhibited higher pigment and soluble sugar contents, supporting superior photosynthetic efficiency. Functional studies on phloem and xylem translocation confirmed active long-distance transport in both systems while maintaining genetic stability among tissue culture regenerants and its mother plant. Overall, the study highlights the structural and functional plasticity of micropropagated ginger plants and underscores the importance of optimized acclimatization strategies for successful field establishment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Physiological and metabolic reprogramming in in vitro propagated ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月16日

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  • Binsy Karattu Chali,
  • Sharon Aravind,
  • Sivaranjani Rajagopal,
  • Mukesh Sankar Sivasankaran,
  • Chaithanya Karimbaroad Chandran,
  • Farsana Soudath Kunnath Parambil

摘要

In vitro propagation provides disease-free planting material in ginger, a crop of high medicinal and commercial importance. The present study aimed to evaluate the anatomical, biochemical, and functional characteristics of in vitro raised and conventionally grown (in vivo) ginger plants in order to understand structural and physiological adaptations induced by tissue culture conditions. Anatomical analyses of leaves, pseudostems, and rhizomes revealed distinct differences in cuticle thickness, stomatal density, mesophyll organization, and vascular development between in vitro and in vivo ginger plants. Biochemical profiling indicated enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and starch accumulation in in vitro plantlets, reflecting stress-responsive metabolic adjustments, while in vivo plants exhibited higher pigment and soluble sugar contents, supporting superior photosynthetic efficiency. Functional studies on phloem and xylem translocation confirmed active long-distance transport in both systems while maintaining genetic stability among tissue culture regenerants and its mother plant. Overall, the study highlights the structural and functional plasticity of micropropagated ginger plants and underscores the importance of optimized acclimatization strategies for successful field establishment.

Graphical Abstract