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<p>Common bean cultivation in the semi-arid tropics is severely constrained by erratic rainfall and poor soils, as well as drought (DS) and heat stresses (HS). Drought and heat stresses frequently overlap during the reproductive stage and lead to major yield losses. This study evaluated the effects of exogenous melatonin (MT) application on photosynthetic, biochemical, and yield-related traits of field-grown common bean, subjected to individual and combined drought and heat stresses (DHS). Foliar MT application significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence (14%), chlorophyll content (18%) and carotenoids (15%), with pronounced genotype-specific responses. MT also increased pollen viability (21%) and germination (22%). Reduced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in MT-treated leaves, suggested its role in mitigating oxidative damage due to above stresses. Genotypes NIAM-236–20 and NIAM-20–21, showed improved photoprotection and osmotic adjustment under DHS. Yield performance was also enhanced, with increased grain yield (13%), pods per plant, and seeds per pod, due to improved reproductive development. Significant three-way interactions (spray × stress × genotype) highlighted the genotype-dependent nature of MT responses. Overall, MT emerges as an eco-friendly, climate-smart strategy to strengthen stress resilience and boost productivity in common bean. Its multifaceted protective roles and genotype-specific benefits make it particularly valuable for smallholder farmers in water-limited and heat-prone environments where timely monsoons are critical.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Exogenous melatonin application enhances reproductive stage drought and heat tolerance in common bean by improving photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant defense

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • C. Harimadhav,
  • J. V. Navodhaya,
  • S. Kruthika,
  • K. K. Hazra,
  • S. Gurumurthy

摘要

Common bean cultivation in the semi-arid tropics is severely constrained by erratic rainfall and poor soils, as well as drought (DS) and heat stresses (HS). Drought and heat stresses frequently overlap during the reproductive stage and lead to major yield losses. This study evaluated the effects of exogenous melatonin (MT) application on photosynthetic, biochemical, and yield-related traits of field-grown common bean, subjected to individual and combined drought and heat stresses (DHS). Foliar MT application significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence (14%), chlorophyll content (18%) and carotenoids (15%), with pronounced genotype-specific responses. MT also increased pollen viability (21%) and germination (22%). Reduced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in MT-treated leaves, suggested its role in mitigating oxidative damage due to above stresses. Genotypes NIAM-236–20 and NIAM-20–21, showed improved photoprotection and osmotic adjustment under DHS. Yield performance was also enhanced, with increased grain yield (13%), pods per plant, and seeds per pod, due to improved reproductive development. Significant three-way interactions (spray × stress × genotype) highlighted the genotype-dependent nature of MT responses. Overall, MT emerges as an eco-friendly, climate-smart strategy to strengthen stress resilience and boost productivity in common bean. Its multifaceted protective roles and genotype-specific benefits make it particularly valuable for smallholder farmers in water-limited and heat-prone environments where timely monsoons are critical.

Graphical abstract