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<p>Heat stress significantly affects chickpea growth, development, and productivity, making the identification of tolerant genotypes a key breeding priority. In the present study, thirty desi chickpea genotypes were evaluated over two years (2021–2022 and 2022–2023) in two different environments: timely sowing (non-stress) and late sowing (heat stress). A randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used to set up the experiments. Twelve parameters of heat tolerance Indices (TOL, STI, SSPI, YI, YSI, RSI, MP, GMP, HM, MRP, PYR, and HSI) and grain yield were analysed through ANOVA, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), biplot visualization, and hierarchical clustering. There was notable genotypic variance across all indices, with grain yield under stress (Ys) showing positive associations with STI, MP, YSI, GMP, HM, and YI, but negative associations with TOL, SSPI, RSI, and PYR. Strong interrelationships were recorded among MP, GMP, and YI, confirming their robustness as selection tools. PCA explained 99.28% of the total variance with two principal components, of which PC1 (66.64%) was strongly associated with Ys, YI, YSI, HM, and MRP, thereby identifying BRCHT-1, BRCHT-13, BRCHT-29, and IPC 11–20 as highly tolerant and stable genotypes. In contrast, BRCHT-20 and BRCHT-28 exhibited high values for TOL, SSPI, and PYR, reflecting susceptibility. Biplot analysis confirmed positive associations of Yp and Ys with MP, GMP, HM, and STI, while negative associations were evident with susceptibility indices. Hierarchical clustering grouped genotypes into five distinct clusters, with Cluster 2 showing superior tolerance (high Ys, STI, GMP, HM, and YSI), while Clusters 1 and 5 contained the most susceptible lines. Overall, this integrated analysis demonstrates that MP, GMP, HM, STI, and YSI are the most reliable indices for screening heat-tolerant chickpea genotypes, with BRCHT-1, BRCHT-13, BRCHT-18, BRCHT-29, IPC 11–20, and Sabour Chana-02 emerging as the most resilient candidates for future breeding programs.</p>

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Assessment of heat tolerance indices and multivariate approaches for screening chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under field stress conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Zafar Imam,
  • Rafat Sultana,
  • Rabiya Parveen,
  • Mankesh Kumar,
  • Sareeta Nahakpam,
  • Reena Kumari,
  • Jyoti Kumari,
  • Anshuman Kohli,
  • A. K. Singh,
  • A. K. Choudhary,
  • Vijai Pal Bhadana,
  • K. B. Saxena

摘要

Heat stress significantly affects chickpea growth, development, and productivity, making the identification of tolerant genotypes a key breeding priority. In the present study, thirty desi chickpea genotypes were evaluated over two years (2021–2022 and 2022–2023) in two different environments: timely sowing (non-stress) and late sowing (heat stress). A randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used to set up the experiments. Twelve parameters of heat tolerance Indices (TOL, STI, SSPI, YI, YSI, RSI, MP, GMP, HM, MRP, PYR, and HSI) and grain yield were analysed through ANOVA, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), biplot visualization, and hierarchical clustering. There was notable genotypic variance across all indices, with grain yield under stress (Ys) showing positive associations with STI, MP, YSI, GMP, HM, and YI, but negative associations with TOL, SSPI, RSI, and PYR. Strong interrelationships were recorded among MP, GMP, and YI, confirming their robustness as selection tools. PCA explained 99.28% of the total variance with two principal components, of which PC1 (66.64%) was strongly associated with Ys, YI, YSI, HM, and MRP, thereby identifying BRCHT-1, BRCHT-13, BRCHT-29, and IPC 11–20 as highly tolerant and stable genotypes. In contrast, BRCHT-20 and BRCHT-28 exhibited high values for TOL, SSPI, and PYR, reflecting susceptibility. Biplot analysis confirmed positive associations of Yp and Ys with MP, GMP, HM, and STI, while negative associations were evident with susceptibility indices. Hierarchical clustering grouped genotypes into five distinct clusters, with Cluster 2 showing superior tolerance (high Ys, STI, GMP, HM, and YSI), while Clusters 1 and 5 contained the most susceptible lines. Overall, this integrated analysis demonstrates that MP, GMP, HM, STI, and YSI are the most reliable indices for screening heat-tolerant chickpea genotypes, with BRCHT-1, BRCHT-13, BRCHT-18, BRCHT-29, IPC 11–20, and Sabour Chana-02 emerging as the most resilient candidates for future breeding programs.