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<p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is one of the most widely cultivated cereal grains and is consumed globally in various forms. Although lipids constitute a minor fraction of wheat grain, they can significantly influence bread and chapatti-making quality by interacting with starch and proteins. In plants, Phospholipase A (PLA) enzymes play a central role in lipid metabolism by hydrolyzing glycerophospholipids to release non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and lysophospholipids. However, the roles of PLA genes in crop plants remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive in silico analysis of the PLA gene family in hexaploid wheat, identifying 126 TaPLA genes distributed across all three sub-genomes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes into three clusters: Groups I and II contained multiple hydrolytic domains (patatin, PLA₂-lipolytic, lipase3, α/β-hydrolase), whereas Group III possessed only the patatin domain. Promoter analysis revealed that 74 TaPLA genes harbor light-responsive cis-elements, suggesting potential photoperiodic regulation. In silico predictions further identified only five members (TaPLA1–TaPLA5) as potential targets for post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs, indicating a possible fine-tuning mechanism for gene expression. Expression analysis showed that TaPLA genes are predominantly expressed in seeds, with higher expression during early seed development under control conditions(16&#xa0;h light/ 8&#xa0;h dark). However, prolonged photoperiod stress (22&#xa0;h light/2&#xa0;h dark) altered expression patterns, with increased expression at later stages, correlating with reduced total lipid content—particularly in 18:1 fatty acid. These findings provide new insights into the diversity, regulation, and potential functional roles of TaPLA genes in wheat, offering a foundation for future studies aimed at improving grain quality through lipid metabolism regulation.</p>

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Genome-wide identification of phospholipase A genes and effect on lipid content under abiotic stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Akansha Madhawan,
  • Prashant Kumar,
  • Pulkit Sharma,
  • Manisha Godara,
  • Deepak Das,
  • Abhishek Bhandawat,
  • Rupam Kumar Bhunia,
  • Joy Roy

摘要

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated cereal grains and is consumed globally in various forms. Although lipids constitute a minor fraction of wheat grain, they can significantly influence bread and chapatti-making quality by interacting with starch and proteins. In plants, Phospholipase A (PLA) enzymes play a central role in lipid metabolism by hydrolyzing glycerophospholipids to release non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and lysophospholipids. However, the roles of PLA genes in crop plants remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive in silico analysis of the PLA gene family in hexaploid wheat, identifying 126 TaPLA genes distributed across all three sub-genomes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes into three clusters: Groups I and II contained multiple hydrolytic domains (patatin, PLA₂-lipolytic, lipase3, α/β-hydrolase), whereas Group III possessed only the patatin domain. Promoter analysis revealed that 74 TaPLA genes harbor light-responsive cis-elements, suggesting potential photoperiodic regulation. In silico predictions further identified only five members (TaPLA1–TaPLA5) as potential targets for post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs, indicating a possible fine-tuning mechanism for gene expression. Expression analysis showed that TaPLA genes are predominantly expressed in seeds, with higher expression during early seed development under control conditions(16 h light/ 8 h dark). However, prolonged photoperiod stress (22 h light/2 h dark) altered expression patterns, with increased expression at later stages, correlating with reduced total lipid content—particularly in 18:1 fatty acid. These findings provide new insights into the diversity, regulation, and potential functional roles of TaPLA genes in wheat, offering a foundation for future studies aimed at improving grain quality through lipid metabolism regulation.