<p>Increasing global temperatures from climate change significantly endanger crop yield and food security, notably by exacerbating heat stress during essential growth phases in major cereals, including wheat. Heat stress impairs essential physiological and biochemical processes, resulting in premature leaf senescence and significant yield losses. The stay green (SG) trait, defined by delayed senescence and prolonged photosynthetic activity during stress, emerged as a viable approach to improve crop thermo-tolerance and yield stability. Earlier reviews have addressed individual aspects of SG physiology and general hormone action, this review provides a novel synthesis by specifically integrating recent advances on hormonal cross-talk modulating SG expression under heat stress. A special focus has been placed to make out the regulatory hubs, particularly in ethylene, abscisic acid, cytokinin, gibberellin, and auxin signalling, controlling senescence onset and maintenance of SG under elevated temperatures. Comprehending these hormonal pathways is essential for formulating efficient crop enhancement strategies. By identifying key mechanistic intersections, our review reflects actionable targets for molecular breeding and agronomic interventions, thus offering a framework for developing climate-resilient cereal crops.</p>

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Stay green to stay alive: hormonal regulation of stay green trait under heat stress in crop plants

  • Senthilkumar Shricharan,
  • Pramod Kumar

摘要

Increasing global temperatures from climate change significantly endanger crop yield and food security, notably by exacerbating heat stress during essential growth phases in major cereals, including wheat. Heat stress impairs essential physiological and biochemical processes, resulting in premature leaf senescence and significant yield losses. The stay green (SG) trait, defined by delayed senescence and prolonged photosynthetic activity during stress, emerged as a viable approach to improve crop thermo-tolerance and yield stability. Earlier reviews have addressed individual aspects of SG physiology and general hormone action, this review provides a novel synthesis by specifically integrating recent advances on hormonal cross-talk modulating SG expression under heat stress. A special focus has been placed to make out the regulatory hubs, particularly in ethylene, abscisic acid, cytokinin, gibberellin, and auxin signalling, controlling senescence onset and maintenance of SG under elevated temperatures. Comprehending these hormonal pathways is essential for formulating efficient crop enhancement strategies. By identifying key mechanistic intersections, our review reflects actionable targets for molecular breeding and agronomic interventions, thus offering a framework for developing climate-resilient cereal crops.