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<p>Potassium is an essential nutrient for sugarcane cultivation. However, traditional sources such as potassium chloride (KCl) are susceptible to leaching, compromising nutrient efficiency and sustainability. This study hypothesized that potassium-rich biochar could serve as an alternative to KCl, reducing nutrient losses and enhancing sugarcane performance during the tillering phase. The effects of biochar were assessed under different application depths and soil preparation. CK (control with KCl), BG (biochar applied to the surface, 0–30&#xa0;cm), and BM (biochar incorporated into the subsurface, 0–45&#xa0;cm). The potassium levels in the leaves and soil indicated that biochar successfully supplied the crop’s potassium demand, in addition to reducing potassium leaching in the soil. Compared with the CK and BM treatments (3.20), the BG treatment resulted in a greater number of tillers (4.90) but a lower photosynthetic efficiency (5.11 µmol&#xa0;m<sup>− 2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>− 1</sup>), likely due to mild water stress. On the other hand, compared with the BG treatment, the BM treatment increased CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation (9.23 µmol&#xa0;m<sup>− 2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>− 1</sup>), but it was statistically similar to that of the CK (11.02 µmol&#xa0;m<sup>− 2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>− 1</sup>). Metabolomic analysis revealed 13 metabolites, with sucrose emerging as a differential marker; its elevated levels in the biochar treatments were associated with reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Ultimately, these findings underline the potential of biochar as a sustainable potassium source and soil conditioner while highlighting the need for tailored application strategies to optimize its agronomic benefits.</p>

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Biochar amendment as a sustainable alternative to KCl application and its effects on sugarcane physiology and metabolome

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月22日

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  • Pablo Aislan Freitas e Silva,
  • Mariana Vitória Silvério Alves,
  • Júlia Cristina Amâncio Vieira,
  • Elizabeth Luciana Marinho Miguel,
  • Wisley Moreira Farias,
  • Adriana Barboza Alves,
  • Arthur César Mônico,
  • Elisângela Aparecida da Silva,
  • João Alberto Fischer Filho,
  • Gustavo Henrique Gravatim Costa,
  • Leandro de Souza Pinheiro,
  • Lúcia Pinheiro Santos Pimenta,
  • Osania Emerenciano Ferreira,
  • Alan Rodrigues Teixeira Machado

摘要

Potassium is an essential nutrient for sugarcane cultivation. However, traditional sources such as potassium chloride (KCl) are susceptible to leaching, compromising nutrient efficiency and sustainability. This study hypothesized that potassium-rich biochar could serve as an alternative to KCl, reducing nutrient losses and enhancing sugarcane performance during the tillering phase. The effects of biochar were assessed under different application depths and soil preparation. CK (control with KCl), BG (biochar applied to the surface, 0–30 cm), and BM (biochar incorporated into the subsurface, 0–45 cm). The potassium levels in the leaves and soil indicated that biochar successfully supplied the crop’s potassium demand, in addition to reducing potassium leaching in the soil. Compared with the CK and BM treatments (3.20), the BG treatment resulted in a greater number of tillers (4.90) but a lower photosynthetic efficiency (5.11 µmol m− 2 s− 1), likely due to mild water stress. On the other hand, compared with the BG treatment, the BM treatment increased CO2 assimilation (9.23 µmol m− 2 s− 1), but it was statistically similar to that of the CK (11.02 µmol m− 2 s− 1). Metabolomic analysis revealed 13 metabolites, with sucrose emerging as a differential marker; its elevated levels in the biochar treatments were associated with reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Ultimately, these findings underline the potential of biochar as a sustainable potassium source and soil conditioner while highlighting the need for tailored application strategies to optimize its agronomic benefits.