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Purpose of the Review <p>The interplay among diabetes, obesity, and periodontal disease is well-established. In addition to diabetes and obesity, numerous factors contribute to the risk of tooth loss, including age, smoking status, and oral care practices. However, most previous studies included fewer than 10,000 participants, limiting the ability to conduct comprehensive quantitative analyses of remaining teeth. This review examines the impacts of diabetes and obesity on the number of remaining teeth using large-scale data, such as national databases, to provide real-world evidence.</p> Recent Findings <p>Recent studies have identified linear relationships between the number of remaining teeth and factors such as fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and body mass index across different age groups. Periodontal disease exacerbation has emerged as an important mechanism of tooth loss. Hyperglycemia-associated chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are suspected to worsen periodontal disease, which would constitute a causal link between systemic and periodontal conditions. Furthermore, several clinical trials have demonstrated that resolution of periodontal disease can improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in individuals with insulin resistance. This evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases.</p> Summary <p>Large-scale data analyses have provided clearer insights into the cyclical relationship among diabetes, obesity, and periodontal disease, emphasizing its potential role in preventing tooth loss.</p>

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The Relationship Among Obesity, Diabetes, and Oral Health: a Narrative Review of Real-World Evidence

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月18日

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  • Itsuko Miyazawa,
  • Katsutaro Morino,
  • Kayo Harada,
  • Atsushi Ishikado,
  • Shinji Kume

摘要

Purpose of the Review

The interplay among diabetes, obesity, and periodontal disease is well-established. In addition to diabetes and obesity, numerous factors contribute to the risk of tooth loss, including age, smoking status, and oral care practices. However, most previous studies included fewer than 10,000 participants, limiting the ability to conduct comprehensive quantitative analyses of remaining teeth. This review examines the impacts of diabetes and obesity on the number of remaining teeth using large-scale data, such as national databases, to provide real-world evidence.

Recent Findings

Recent studies have identified linear relationships between the number of remaining teeth and factors such as fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and body mass index across different age groups. Periodontal disease exacerbation has emerged as an important mechanism of tooth loss. Hyperglycemia-associated chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are suspected to worsen periodontal disease, which would constitute a causal link between systemic and periodontal conditions. Furthermore, several clinical trials have demonstrated that resolution of periodontal disease can improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in individuals with insulin resistance. This evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases.

Summary

Large-scale data analyses have provided clearer insights into the cyclical relationship among diabetes, obesity, and periodontal disease, emphasizing its potential role in preventing tooth loss.