Purpose of review <p>Herbal medicine has become more and more popular in recent years due to its health-related and economic benefits. Nevertheless, there are concerns regarding the quality, efficacy and safety of these natural products. Therefore, it is indispensable to scientifically evaluate the health claims associated with the natural products.</p> Recent findings <p><i>Ailanthus altissima</i> serves as a food source for Eri silkworms and is cultivated in the temperate areas of China and India. The leaves of the plant are rich in nutrients and various bioactive compounds, such as proteins, fatty acids, volatile oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, quassinoids, terpenylated coumarins, tetracyclic triterpenoids, and other active components. Research has shown that it exhibits numerous pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic, analgesic, antiparasitic, and insect-repelling properties.</p> Summary <p>This review seeks to offer a thorough overview of the phyto-chemistry and therapeutic effects of <i>Ailanthus altissima</i>, which may aid in the progress of modern medicine and the pharmaceutical sector for the benefit of humanity.</p>