Purpose of Review <p>Metformin, a dimethyl biguanide initially derived from Galega of icinalis, has emerged as a leading oral treatment for type 2 diabetes. Despite early setbacks, it gained widespread recognition and became the most prescribed glucose-lowering medication globally. In addition to its antidiabetic properties, metformin is being explored for its potential benefits in treating neurodegenerative diseases, given the rising incidence of dementia and related conditions in aging populations.</p> Recent Findings <p>Metformin’s capability to cross the BBB (blood brain barrier), combined with its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial regulatory properties, positions it as a promising treatment for neurological disorders. Preclinical research has demonstrated metformin’s positive effects in models of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Multiple Sclerosis, and Huntington’s diseases. The drug influences neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis, further supporting its potential cognitive benefits.</p> Summary <p>Despite these benefits, the exact mechanisms, optimal dosages, and treatment regimens for metformin in neurological conditions require further investigation. Nonetheless, metformin’s potential in repurposing for neurological diseases offers promising avenues for novel treatment strategies, aiming to improve patient outcomes in various cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders.</p>