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Purpose of Review <p>This article provides a comprehensive review of the adverse effects of nine major groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on individuals, pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. These groups are commonly consumed and are widely recognized by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).</p> Recent Findings <p>While traditional substances are more commonly studied in the context of pregnancy and lactation, the rising consumption of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has become a growing public health concern. This increase is largely due to a lack of awareness about their harmful effects on pregnant or lactating individuals and their infants. Although the reasons for using NPS vary, understanding their consequences is critical. The rapid evolution, under-regulation, and diverse chemical variations of NPS have further hindered research and awareness in this area.</p> Summary <p>The major groups of NPS discussed include synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, synthetic opioids,&#xa0;piperazines, phenethylamines, phencyclidine-type substances, plant-based substances, tryptamines, and&#xa0;aminoindanes. Many NPS can cross the placenta to reach the fetus or be secreted into breast milk, potentially&#xa0;causing adverse effects such as intoxication or even fatalities. However, there is limited information on the transfer&#xa0;of these substances to fetuses, infants, or breast milk, and clinical trials specifically focusing on pregnant and&#xa0;lactating individuals are scarce. Further research and stronger legislative controls are urgently needed to address&#xa0;these gaps, increase awareness among medical professionals, and protect pregnant and lactating individuals and&#xa0;their infants.</p>

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A Review on the Potential Health Concerns of New Psychoactive Substances on Pregnancy and Lactation: An Overlooked Threat

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月31日

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  • Luchenzhi Wang,
  • Tao Zhang

摘要

Purpose of Review

This article provides a comprehensive review of the adverse effects of nine major groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on individuals, pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. These groups are commonly consumed and are widely recognized by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).

Recent Findings

While traditional substances are more commonly studied in the context of pregnancy and lactation, the rising consumption of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has become a growing public health concern. This increase is largely due to a lack of awareness about their harmful effects on pregnant or lactating individuals and their infants. Although the reasons for using NPS vary, understanding their consequences is critical. The rapid evolution, under-regulation, and diverse chemical variations of NPS have further hindered research and awareness in this area.

Summary

The major groups of NPS discussed include synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, synthetic opioids, piperazines, phenethylamines, phencyclidine-type substances, plant-based substances, tryptamines, and aminoindanes. Many NPS can cross the placenta to reach the fetus or be secreted into breast milk, potentially causing adverse effects such as intoxication or even fatalities. However, there is limited information on the transfer of these substances to fetuses, infants, or breast milk, and clinical trials specifically focusing on pregnant and lactating individuals are scarce. Further research and stronger legislative controls are urgently needed to address these gaps, increase awareness among medical professionals, and protect pregnant and lactating individuals and their infants.