Recent Insights on the Prospective role of Phytocompounds in Modulating Gut-Brain Axis

The term “gut-brain axis” describes a network that permits a two-way communication between the gut bacteria and brain. Human gut microbiota (GM) has been considered as a major factor in the pathophysiology of various disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS). A growing body of preclinical and clinical research demonstrated gut microorganisms to play a critical impact in the progression of neuronal disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorder. Variations in the constitution of the GM have been correlated to a number of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative ailments. Owing to high mortality rates, difficult treatments, high costs of care support, and other socioeconomic problems, neurodegenerative disorders represent a severe threat to public health. Furthermore, current therapies for AD, PD, and other neurodegenerative disorders are only in a position to partially relieve symptoms but are unable to reverse the course of neurodegeneration. Therefore, greater investigation is required to find novel neuroprotective medications that might improve the loss of neuronal cells and restore normal brain function.

In recent decades, there has been increased interest in the bioactive components of plants. By reversing intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, phytocompounds such as polyphenols, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and carotenoids can modulate the colonization of flora linked to neuroinflammation. This review systematically describes the critical relationship between the CNS and the GM as well as the effects of potent phytocompounds on the gut-brain axis modulation.