The Role of Family in the Development and Treatment of Pediatric OCD

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the gold standard psychosocial treatment for pediatric OCD. However, many youth remain symptomatic following child-focused CBT. Interventions that actively involve parents and target negative family processes have the potential to improve treatment outcomes. In this review, we identify the key family-level variables implicated in pediatric OCD, describe the current landscape of family-focused interventions, and consider future directions to optimize care for complex families.

Family correlates of youth OCD include symptom accommodation, expressed emotions, and negative parent–child interactions. Family-focused interventions that target these adverse processes have been shown to be effective in improving youth outcomes. However, less is known about the specific mechanisms of change, ideal treatment formats, and cultural differences in treatment response.

Family-focused interventions are an evidence-based treatment for pediatric OCD. Future research should identify optimal treatment targets, format of family involvement, and adaptations based on cultural considerations.