Purpose of review <p>This review discusses non-motor symptom replication in neurotoxic mouse models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Non-motor symptoms can begin years prior to the onset of motor symptoms, with the cause of non-motor symptoms remaining widely unknown. This highlights the need for researchers to investigate non-motor symptom pathology, with the aim of earlier diagnosis and identifying potential early and alternative treatment options.</p> Recent findings <p>Neurotoxic models are the most common Parkinson’s disease models in mice, as they are quick to induce, reproducible, cost-effective and replicate dopaminergic neuron loss and symptoms. The non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease included in this review are olfactory dysfunction, anxiety, depression, sleep and circadian rhythm disorders, cognitive impairments and gastrointestinal dysfunction. We have reviewed the most commonly used behavioural tests for each non-motor symptom in neurotoxic models in mice, and have provided some recommendations and highlighted their limitations.</p> Summary <p>This review provides a comprehensive review of studies in one place for the researcher to make quick and easy decisions on what neurotoxic model to use and what test to use to replicate the required non-motor symptom based on the aims of the researcher. Through the replication of non-motor symptoms and modelling PD in mice, researchers can help uncover the pathogenesis and potential treatments for non-motor symptoms in PD. We hope this review will be useful for the beginners and experienced researchers who wish to embark on behavioural tests in neurotoxin mouse models of Parkinson’s disease to investigate the molecular mechanisms and possible treatments.</p>

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Non-motor Symptom Replication in Neurotoxic Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review and Guide

  • Alisha Braun,
  • Larisa Bobrovskaya

摘要

Purpose of review

This review discusses non-motor symptom replication in neurotoxic mouse models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Non-motor symptoms can begin years prior to the onset of motor symptoms, with the cause of non-motor symptoms remaining widely unknown. This highlights the need for researchers to investigate non-motor symptom pathology, with the aim of earlier diagnosis and identifying potential early and alternative treatment options.

Recent findings

Neurotoxic models are the most common Parkinson’s disease models in mice, as they are quick to induce, reproducible, cost-effective and replicate dopaminergic neuron loss and symptoms. The non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease included in this review are olfactory dysfunction, anxiety, depression, sleep and circadian rhythm disorders, cognitive impairments and gastrointestinal dysfunction. We have reviewed the most commonly used behavioural tests for each non-motor symptom in neurotoxic models in mice, and have provided some recommendations and highlighted their limitations.

Summary

This review provides a comprehensive review of studies in one place for the researcher to make quick and easy decisions on what neurotoxic model to use and what test to use to replicate the required non-motor symptom based on the aims of the researcher. Through the replication of non-motor symptoms and modelling PD in mice, researchers can help uncover the pathogenesis and potential treatments for non-motor symptoms in PD. We hope this review will be useful for the beginners and experienced researchers who wish to embark on behavioural tests in neurotoxin mouse models of Parkinson’s disease to investigate the molecular mechanisms and possible treatments.