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Objective <p>This study aimed to identify brain regions associated with specific types of synesthesia and investigate their neuroanatomical correlates and potential associations with co-occurring clinical disorders. The primary goal was to uncover quantitative and categorical relationships among brain regions, synesthetic experiences, and related conditions.</p> Methods <p>Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess the relationship between increased activity in specific brain regions and synesthesia types. The Chi-square test was used to examine the association between the presence of brain region activation and clinical conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), migraine, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These statistical analyses provided a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between neural activation patterns and synesthesia.</p> Results <p>Significant correlations were found between brain regions and synesthesia types: a strong positive correlation between the fusiform gyrus and grapheme-color synesthesia (<i>r</i> = 0.72, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); a significant relationship between the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and sound-color synesthesia (<i>r</i> = 0.68, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); and a moderate relationship between insular activity and lexical-gustatory synesthesia (<i>r</i> = 0.45, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Clinical associations revealed a moderate correlation between synesthesia and ASD (<i>r</i> = 0.56, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas no significant association was observed between synesthesia and PTSD (<i>χ²</i> = 1.36, <i>p</i> = 0.75).</p> Conclusions <p>This study highlights the significant associations between specific brain regions and types of synesthesia, with the fusiform gyrus, PPC, visual cortex (V4/V8), parieto-occipital cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, and insula playing critical roles in synesthesia development. The high correlation with migraine, anxiety, and depression and the moderate correlation with ASD indicate potentially overlapping neurodevelopmental characteristics and associative patterns of hyperconnectivity, whereas the relationship with schizophrenia requires further investigation.</p>

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Cross-Modal Perception and Neurodevelopmental Convergence in Synesthesia: Neural and Clinical Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Eren Ogut

摘要

Objective

This study aimed to identify brain regions associated with specific types of synesthesia and investigate their neuroanatomical correlates and potential associations with co-occurring clinical disorders. The primary goal was to uncover quantitative and categorical relationships among brain regions, synesthetic experiences, and related conditions.

Methods

Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess the relationship between increased activity in specific brain regions and synesthesia types. The Chi-square test was used to examine the association between the presence of brain region activation and clinical conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), migraine, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These statistical analyses provided a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between neural activation patterns and synesthesia.

Results

Significant correlations were found between brain regions and synesthesia types: a strong positive correlation between the fusiform gyrus and grapheme-color synesthesia (r = 0.72, p < 0.001); a significant relationship between the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and sound-color synesthesia (r = 0.68, p < 0.001); and a moderate relationship between insular activity and lexical-gustatory synesthesia (r = 0.45, p = 0.01). Clinical associations revealed a moderate correlation between synesthesia and ASD (r = 0.56, p < 0.001), whereas no significant association was observed between synesthesia and PTSD (χ² = 1.36, p = 0.75).

Conclusions

This study highlights the significant associations between specific brain regions and types of synesthesia, with the fusiform gyrus, PPC, visual cortex (V4/V8), parieto-occipital cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, and insula playing critical roles in synesthesia development. The high correlation with migraine, anxiety, and depression and the moderate correlation with ASD indicate potentially overlapping neurodevelopmental characteristics and associative patterns of hyperconnectivity, whereas the relationship with schizophrenia requires further investigation.