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Purpose of Review <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined as a neurodegenerative condition that stands accountable for 60% to 80% of dementia cases. It is marked by issues with language, memory, and the cognitive abilities required for daily tasks. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), which have hyperphosphorylated tau protein (τ) in the neuronal cytoplasm and extracellular plaques of the insoluble-amyloid peptide are two prominent pathophysiological bases noticed in the brains of AD patients. In this manuscript, we have searched literature reviews and meta-analyses concerning modifiable co-morbid disorders as risk factors related to AD.</p> Recent Findings <p>Anxiety and depression, an oral infection which includes oral bacteria, oral virus, and oral yeast related to AD, Toxoplasma gondii infection, stress, diabetes, cardiovascular disease involving stroke, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and several cardiovascular risk factors involves hypertension and arterial stiffness have also been concerned in AD. The path of these risk factors can mostly be related to clinical disease. Still, some confirmations directly connect cardiovascular risk factors to AD emerging to be linked with an augmented risk of AD.</p> Summary <p>With the well-associated co-morbid risk factor, this review highlights the subsistence of related factors that are less explored, including chronic kidney disease, thyroid function, inflammation, and hypercholesterolemia. A better understanding of co-morbid disease as a risk factor associated with AD helps distinguish people at risk. This could aid in the development of preventative measures to impediment or avert the commencement of AD.</p>

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Co-Morbid Disease as Risk Factors Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease- An Overview

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Anubhav Tyagi,
  • Nikhila Shekhar,
  • Sakshi Tyagi

摘要

Purpose of Review

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined as a neurodegenerative condition that stands accountable for 60% to 80% of dementia cases. It is marked by issues with language, memory, and the cognitive abilities required for daily tasks. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), which have hyperphosphorylated tau protein (τ) in the neuronal cytoplasm and extracellular plaques of the insoluble-amyloid peptide are two prominent pathophysiological bases noticed in the brains of AD patients. In this manuscript, we have searched literature reviews and meta-analyses concerning modifiable co-morbid disorders as risk factors related to AD.

Recent Findings

Anxiety and depression, an oral infection which includes oral bacteria, oral virus, and oral yeast related to AD, Toxoplasma gondii infection, stress, diabetes, cardiovascular disease involving stroke, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and several cardiovascular risk factors involves hypertension and arterial stiffness have also been concerned in AD. The path of these risk factors can mostly be related to clinical disease. Still, some confirmations directly connect cardiovascular risk factors to AD emerging to be linked with an augmented risk of AD.

Summary

With the well-associated co-morbid risk factor, this review highlights the subsistence of related factors that are less explored, including chronic kidney disease, thyroid function, inflammation, and hypercholesterolemia. A better understanding of co-morbid disease as a risk factor associated with AD helps distinguish people at risk. This could aid in the development of preventative measures to impediment or avert the commencement of AD.